典型历史文化城市土壤主要成土过程与基层分类研究

Urban soils make significant contributions to the ecological function for urban ecosystem, however the urban soil quality grow worse rapidly with the advance of urbanization. Few people studied on the soil classification of urban soil, the absence of soil taxonomy have limited the urban soil study and application of soil science.In this proposal the work about the urban soil survey and taxonomy is going to carry on with a case study of Kaifeng City, with a history about 2700 years. To incorporate human modifications of soil in CST, we propose that human activities should be considered as the main factor of soil formation in urban area. The urban land-use and landscaped will be considered as the main results of human activities for the profile location..About 50 representative soil pits will be dug, the profiles will be described by filed handbook, especially the inventory of artifact and soil-like materials will be made particularly, soil samples will be taken to the libratory. Soil properties of samples, including physical, chemical and the toxic chemicals, will be analyzed in the libratory.Specifically, we are working to .1) describe the characterization and spatial distribution of artifact, human made material and special layer;.2) identify key soil properties, and analyze their spatial distribution and relationship with main important anthropogenic soil formation process, including cover and sealing, disturbance and filling, compaction and consolidation, phosphorus and pollutants accumulation, calcification and acidification, oxidation-reduction and etc. .3) classify at low category by CST. According to soil profile morphology, pedon pattern, important physical and chemical properties will be compared and grouped, some characteristic horizons will be summed up. In the control depth of series, the type, depth, and arrangement of the characteristic horizon will be chosen as standard to classify this profile, then the series will be set up. With help of keys to CST, some diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristic will be used for index the subgroup name. And then the family name will be given according to the texture, mineral, temperature and etc..4) give some advice for revision of CST with the aim of reasonable classification of urban soil..For of all, the method of low category classification for urban soil should be provided. Some useful suggestion about urban soil classification should be giver for perfection of CST.

随着城市化的飞速发展，城市土壤在城市生态系统中的作用越来越重要,然而土壤污染给城市居民带来很大的风险，需要对城市土壤进行分类和管理。作为城市土壤资源管理基础的城市土壤分类却非常薄弱，必须加强对城市土壤的形成、分类方面的研究。本项目以典型历史文化城市开封为例，研究城市土壤调查与基层分类的方法。通过对土壤调查和采样，试验室测定土壤理化性质，建立土壤信息数据库，以剖面中人为侵入体和外来物质为媒介研究城市土壤的人为特征及空间变异规律，分析城市主要的成土过程对城市土壤形成、发育的影响；根据基层单元分类的原则和方法归纳特殊土层，提出划分土系的分类标准，后根据诊断标准检索高级分类单元到亚类，再进行土族分类，完成城市土壤的基层分类。本研究利用基层分类单元进行城市土壤分类方法将促进城市土壤分类的研究，其研究成果将对中国土壤系统分类的完善提供建议。

城市化的飞速发展，环境加剧恶化，城市土壤在城市生态系统中的作用越来越重要，然而土壤污染给城市居民带来很大的风险，迫切需要对城市土壤进行分类和管理。作为城市土壤资源管理基础的城市土壤分类却非常薄弱。本项目以典型历史文化城市开封为例，研究了城市土壤调查与基层分类的方法。通过对土壤调查和采样，共采集了83个土壤剖面，400多个样品，在试验室测定土壤理化性质，并建立土壤信息数据库，采用剖面中人为侵入体和外来物质为媒介研究城市土壤的人为特征及空间变异规律，通过土地利用历史的研究帮助分析城市主要的成土过程对城市土壤形成、发育的影响。根据基层单元分类的原则和方法归纳特殊土层，建立几个诊断特性和指标，提出划分土系的分类标准，后根据诊断标准检索高级分类单元到亚类，再进行土族分类，完成了城市土壤的基层分类。本研究利用基层分类单元进行城市土壤分类方法将促进城市土壤分类的研究，其研究成果将为中国土壤系统分类的完善提供建议。