基于多尺度分析的森林群落木本植物种-面积关系区域分异及其影响因素研究

The species-area relationship (SAR), describing the pattern that species diversity changes with the sampling area, is a key scientific question in the field of community ecology study, is the important basis for scales-transition of biodiversity, and also is considered as the closest thing to a rule in ecology. The results or conclusions, from most of earlier studies on the regional differentiation of species-area relationship, are usually with some limitations resulted from using the small-area plot (< 1 ha) with a single scale. This project will systematically study regional differentiation of forest woody species-area relationship and its influencing factors in the view of multiscale analysis based on the large permanent forest plots in Asia. These large permanent forest plots, established and surveyed by the uniform method, are mainly from Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CForBio) and Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) along a latitude gradient from the temperate zone, the subtropical zone, to the tropical zone in Asia. We will (1) quantify the influence role of spatial scale on the regional differentiation of forest woody species-area relationship; (2) quantify the relative role of different factors (e.g., climate, topography, plant phylogenetic diversity) and different ecological processes (e.g., niche based process, neutral based process) on the regional differentiation pattern of species-area relationship by combining several quantitative methods including regression analysis, null model of ecological process (homogeneous Poisson process, heterogeneous Poisson process, homogenous Thomas process, heterogeneous Thomas process), and PCNM (principal coordinates of neighboring matrix); (3) test some related scientific hypotheses on the regional differentiation pattern of species-area relationship, such as enegy hypothesis, environmental heterogeneity hypothesis. For the regional differentiation pattern of multiscale species-area relationship, and the influencing factors and possible ecological mechanisms of the regional differentiation of species-area relationship, some potential new finding or new knowledge may be gotten from this research based on the multiscale analysis and the large permanent forest plots in Asia. The results from this project will provide some helpful scientific information and reference for forest biodiversity conservation management and ecological construction practice.

种-面积关系描述的是物种数量随取样面积增加而变化的规律，是群落生态学研究的一个基本问题，是生物多样性尺度转换的重要依据。以往基于样方调查资料的种-面积关系区域分异研究大多数是基于小型样地（<1ha）和单一尺度，其研究结论往往带有一定局限性。本研究拟利用在亚洲已建立的跨越多个气候带的的大型森林固定样地网络，系统研究多尺度下森林群落木本植物种-面积关系区域分异规律，揭示空间尺度对种-面积关系区域分异的影响程度；分析种-面积关系区域分异格局的主要影响因素，检验种-面积关系区域分异的能量假说；有望在多尺度的种-面积关系区域分异规律、种-面积关系区域分异的影响因素及驱动机制上有新的认识，为森林生物多样性保护与管理以及生态建设实践提供科学理论依据。

种-面积关系描述的是物种数量随取样面积增加而变化的规律，是群落生态学研究的一个基本问题，是生物多样性尺度转换的重要依据。以往基于样方调查资料的种-面积关系区域分异研究大多数是基于小型样地（<1ha）和单一尺度，其研究结论往往带有一定局限性。本研究利用在亚洲已建立的跨越多个气候带的大型森林固定样地网络开展基于多尺度分析的森林群落木本植物种-面积关系区域分异及其影响因素研究，主要研究结果如下：（1）通过对数模型、幂函数模型、逻辑斯蒂模型、指数模型等拟合大型森林样地的种-面积关系，使用AIC检验模型拟合优度，获得了不同尺度上种-面积关系的最优拟合模型；（2）通过比较不同尺度下的温带-亚热带-热带区域森林木本植物种-面积关系曲线，结果显示不同尺度下的种-面积关系区域分异显著；（3）通过回归模型方法分析获得纬度、年均温度、年降水量、潜在蒸散量等主要环境因子对大型森林样地木本植物种-面积关系的影响作用；利用同质性泊松(Homogeneous Poisson Process)模型、异质性泊松(Heterogeneous Poisson Process)模型、同质性托马斯(Homogenous Thomas Process)模型、异质性托马斯(Heterogeneous Thomas Process)模型模拟不同群落空间分布格局进而获得不同生态过程（生境过滤和扩散限制）在解释种-面积关系中的作用，结果显示：生境过滤和扩散限制共同作用可以更好地解释种-面积关系以及谱系多样性-面积关系；通过单物种-面积关系(ISAR)方法来判定单个物种在不同空间尺度下对邻域生物多样性的影响作用是促进、抑制或中性，进而获得单个物种在不同空间尺度下对邻域生物多样性的影响作用。本研究对不同尺度下亚洲森林群落木本植物种-面积关系区域分异规律及其影响因素的分析研究仍需与其他大洲的森林群落进行比较研究、综合分析，以期能获得一个在全球水平上更普遍性的结论。研究结果可为森林生物多样性保护与管理以及生态建设实践提供科学理论依据。