石墨烯橡胶复合材料应变电阻效应及其智能密封机制

The graphene rubber composite material has good electrical conductivity, high sensitivity and large deformation characteristics, which is the ideal sensing element for rubber intelligent sealing. This project mainly studies the strain resistance effect and intelligent sealing mechanism of graphene rubber composites. First, the multi-functional design and preparation methods of the graphene rubber composites are proposed, and the graphene rubber composites with high conductivity and sensitivity, large deformation and excellent mechanical properties are fabricated. Second, the macroscopic, meso-constitutive relationship and the molecular dynamics model of all-atom for graphene rubber composites will be established to reveal the characteristics of large deformation, strain resistance relationship and temperature dependency under complex stress conditions such as tension, compression and bending, also the strain-resistance relationship of sensor element composed of graphene rubber composites with different specifications under various operating conditions (high and low temperature, reciprocating compression rebound, aging, friction and wear) are studied experimentally. Finally, based on the sensor components, the intelligent rubber sealing structures with the high sensitivity are developed to achieve the intelligent monitoring and feedback of the contact stress and leakage rate. The research results will provide the key scientific theoretical basis and experimental method for the design of the graphene rubber composite sensors and the application of the intelligent rubber seal.

石墨烯橡胶复合材料具有良好的导电性、高灵敏性及大变形特征，是橡胶智能密封的理想传感元件。本项目主要研究石墨烯橡胶复合材料的应变电阻效应及其智能密封机制。首先，提出石墨烯橡胶复合材料的多功能设计及制备方法，研制高导电性、大变形、力学性能优异的石墨烯橡胶复合材料。其次，建立石墨烯橡胶复合材料的宏细观本构关系以及全原子的分子动力学模型，揭示拉伸、压缩、弯曲等应力状态下大变形特征、应变电阻效应机制及温度依赖性，表征不同规格的石墨烯橡胶复合材料应变传感元件在多种工况下（高低温、往复压缩回弹、老化、摩擦磨损）的应变电阻效应特征。最后，基于石墨烯橡胶复合材料传感元件研制高灵敏度的智能密封结构，实现橡胶密封件接触应力与泄漏率的智能监测及反馈。研究成果将为石墨烯橡胶复合材料的传感元件设计以及智能密封的应用提供关键科学理论基础与实验方法。

本项目主要对石墨烯橡胶复合材料的应变电阻效应及其智能密封机制征进行了系统的实验、数值模拟与理论分析。首先，提出了石墨烯橡胶复合材料的多功能配方设计及成型工艺调控机制，获得了高灵敏、大变形的石墨烯橡胶复合材料。其次，基于隧道导电理论，建立了石墨烯橡胶复合材料的多尺度分析模型、分子动力学模型及应变电阻模型，揭示大应变传感机制及温度效应。同时，研究了多种工况下（高低温、往复压缩回弹、老化）石墨烯硅橡胶复合材料的应变电阻响应关系。最后，设计了石墨烯橡胶复合材料的高灵敏度导电传感元件，实现了橡胶密封件接触变形的智能监测。研究成果对石墨烯橡胶密封件的智能密封设计及泄漏实时监测提供了关键科学理论基础与实验方法，并在大型民机舱门密封结构泄漏率检测上取得了初步应用，为未来大型客机的智能化检测提供了有效方案及科学指导。