基于生物质纳米晶杂化石墨烯构筑橡胶复合材料及协同效应机制研究

There are two obstacles for the application of Graphene(Gn) in rubber industry, the facile preparation technique of Gn is not available, and it's difficult to achieve the uniform dispersion of Gn in rubber matrix. In this project , graphene hybrized with biomass nanocrystal (BNC-Gn) will be directly prepared from nature graphite by ball-milling or sonication with the aid of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) or chitin nanocrystal (ChNC), which have pickering emulsification effect. CNC and ChNC work as exfoliate agent and hybridization agent. The exfoliation and hybridization mechanisms will be discussed. Preparation technique of high performance and functional BNC-Gn/Rubber nanocomposites will be explored by blending BNC-Gn and Rubber via melt blending or solution mixing. The mechanical properties and transport performance of the BNC-Gn/R will be evaluated thoroughly. AFM, TEM, WAXD/SAXS, Raman and FTIR will be combine used to characterize the dispersion of the hybrized nanoparticles, the nanoparticle network and the microstructure of the BNC-Gn/R. The properties variation and microstructure evolution of the BNC-Gn/R under external (force field, electron field and temperature field) will be in-situ monitored. The structure – properties relationship of the BNC-Gn/Rubber nanocomposites will be discussed and synergistic effect mechanism between BNC and Gn will be clarified. It is expected that this study will provide some key techniques and theoretical guidance to fabricate the graphene/rubber composite with high performance and functionalities.

实现石墨烯在橡胶工业中的规模化应用，主要有以下两个问题：1.还未实现石墨烯的低能耗、可工业化制备；2.石墨烯在橡胶基体中难以分散。针对上述问题，本申请拟采用具有中性润湿性的生物质纳米晶（纤维素纳米晶和甲壳素纳米晶）作为剥离剂和杂化石墨烯的助剂，球磨或超声制备生物质纳米晶杂化石墨烯（BNC-Gn），阐明生物质纳米晶（BNC）剥离/杂化石墨烯的机理；将BNC-Gn与橡胶复合，利用BNC与石墨烯之间的协同效应，结合加工工艺探索，实现高性能及功能性BNC-Gn/R复合材料的制备。并重点研究所制复合材料的传输性能与BNC-Gn分散状态、BNC-Gn与橡胶基体相互作用等因素间的关系，通过研究复合材料的微观结构在力场、电场和温度场等外场作用下的响应特性，深入阐述复合材料微观结构与性能间的构效关系及BNC与Gn间协同效应的机制，为设计制备功能性橡胶复合材料提供理论和实验指导。

实现石墨烯在橡胶工业中的规模化应用，需解决以下两个重要问题：1.开发石墨烯的高效高产率制备的技术；2.促进石墨烯在橡胶基体中的良好分散。针对上述问题，本项目开展了以下几个方面的工作：1. 建立了快速高效制备生物质纳米晶/石墨烯杂化材料（BNC）的方法及工艺流程，探明了影响杂化材料结构形态及产率的因素，阐明了两组分间相互作用的本质及杂化的机理；2.测试了BNC所构筑薄膜的物理机械性能、电性能及阻隔性能，研究了以浓缩的BNC浆料作为3D打印材料构筑器件的可能性；3.将所得杂化材料与高分子基体复合，制备了具有优异物理机械性能及一定功能性的BNC/高分子复合材料，对复合材料结构与性能的关系进行了研究，探讨了生物质纳米晶与石墨烯协同效应的机理。通过研究表明，采用球磨法制备BNC是实现石墨烯基材料高效高产率制备的有效途径，并且所得BNC具有多种优异特性，可实现在高分子材料中的良好分散。本项目研究工作可为生物质纳米晶/石墨烯杂化材料的高效/高产率制备及设计制备功能性橡胶复合材料提供理论和实验指导。