闽江流域传统村落空间设计智慧图解与当代应用研究

Research on the connotation and contemporary application of the spatial intelligence in Chinese traditional villages has always been an important scientific issue to inherit and develop Chinese traditional wisdom. Based on the human habitation in Minjiang River Basin, the spatial intelligence contained in traditional villages has been emphatically analyzed and its application value in contemporary planning has been further discussed. First of all, on the basis of the original and authentic cognition of functional and formative elements of traditional villages as well as the application of GIS quantitative analysis and illustrative analysis, attempts are made to build an analysis system for the spatial intelligence integrating “functional configuration”, “humanism”, “aesthetic pursuit” and “planning mechanism”, so as to analyze the wisdom of space design systematically and precisely. Secondly, a contemporary application mechanism with “application ranges”, “translation paths” and “practical corrections” as a whole has been established, attempting to solve the memory loss, feature weakening, culture context fracture, lack of humanism connotation and other problems through contemporary translation. The purpose of the study is to promote the excellent wisdom of local construction and to lay a foundation for the continuous researches on the wisdom of local planning through the achievements congregating historical charts, analytical illustrations and application examples.

中国传统村落空间智慧内涵和当代应用路径研究，是中国传统智慧传承与弘扬的重要科学问题。本课题立足福建闽江流域人居单元，重点解析传统村落蕴含的空间智慧，并进一步探讨其当代规划应用价值。首先，以人居环境科学体系为理论依据，在对传统村落功能要素、形态要素等原真性认知的基础上，应用GIS定量分析法和图谱解析法，尝试构建以“功能结构”、“人文精神”、“美学追求”、“规划机制”为一体的空间智慧解析体系，进行系统化、精准化解析；其次，构建集“应用范畴”、“转译路径”、“实践修正”为一体的当代应用机制，尝试通过当代转译，解决村庄规划中面临的记忆消失、特色削弱、文脉断裂、缺乏人文内涵等问题。课题旨在形成历史图典、分析图谱、应用典范等多样化的研究成果，弘扬地方优秀的营建智慧，为本土规划智慧的持续研究奠定基础。

发掘和弘扬地区传统人居智慧，对守住文化之根和延续历史文脉具有重要意义。闽江流域自古是闽越族人和客家人的栖息地，流域内保存至今的300多个传统村落，凝聚了古人将村落空间与生存智慧、人文精神、自然环境高度融合的传统人居智慧。对其系统化、精准化和科学化地发掘与当代应用，利于弘扬闽江流域传统人居的精神追求，促进古今融合的本土规划理论形成。课题围绕“传统人居智慧内涵解析”和“传统人居智慧当代应用”两大研究主旨，结合GIS定量分析和图谱解析法，从区域和村落两个层面对闽江流域传统村落展开研究。首先，以厘清流域内传统村落的区域特征为目标，通过多元数据库的构建，总结了传统村落的区域演化历程、集聚特征和选址偏好；其次，以典型村落的空间设计智慧解析为目标，从“人文-空间”一体化视角构建了“三类、三层、一规则”的解析图谱，并对典型村落进行图谱应用和智慧发掘；最后，通过国土空间下的乡村规划编制实践，探索传统人居建设中“自然认知”、“形式构架”和“意境升华”在编制内容中的应用方法与规划导则，提升乡村规划的编制技术。研究形成了多元数据库、分析图谱、应用典范等多样化成果；发表学术论文27篇，出版专著1部，培养传统人居智慧研究人才20余人，顺利完成了课题预设的全部目标；并在历史教学、聚落研究和规划实践等方面进行了成果转化与应用，取得了良好的社会效应，为闽江流域本土规划智慧的持续研究奠定基础。