基于广义预测补偿直流磁控电抗器的多构型FACTS技术研究

Improving the adaptability of FACTS devices to different voltage levels, reducing the cost of FACTS devices, and eliminating the harmonics caused by the power electronic devices used in the power system are urgently need to be solved to realize the flexible AC power transmission in the power system. In this project, the novel DC saturable-core controllable reactor is employed, and the generalized predictive control method is used to design the compensation control for the magnetic hysteresis eliminating. With this design method, only the step response identification model of the controllable reactor is needed, but the complicated calculation of magnetic circuit accurate model is not need any more. And hence the dynamic performance of the novel DC saturable-core controllable reactor is enhanced by the real-time online compensation control of hysteresis effect and then its dynamic performance can be the same as the main FACTS devices based on the power electronic components. And this project attempts to propose the novel multiple configuration FACTS technology, in which some combinations of the DC saturable-core controllable reactor and the fixed capacitor compensation devices, as well as the corresponding control strategies is proposed, to make the DC saturable-core controllable reactor can not only provide the inductive reactive power compensation but also the capacitive reactive power compensation. And then the centralized as well as distributed control coordination control strategies of the multiple configuration FACTS can be proposed by this project to tap the potential performance of the power system. The research achievement of this project provides the important theory basis and technical support in progressively.

提高FACTS装置对不同电压等级电网的适应性，降低FACTS装置的造价，减少电力电子开关器件引入的谐波问题，是目前我国输、配电网全面实现柔性交流输电所亟需解决的问题。本项目基于新型直流磁控电抗器，采用广义预测控制方法，仅利用磁控电抗器阶跃响应辨识模型，而避免进行精确磁路模型的复杂推导，实现对磁控电抗器磁滞效应的实时在线预测补偿控制，使其动态调节特性达到目前主流的基于电力电子器件的FACTS装置的水平；并对磁控电抗器单一的感性无功补偿能力进行拓展，将其与现有系统中的不同电容补偿装置相结合，提出多构型FACTS技术，实现从感性无功到容性无功的全范围补偿；更进一步提出集中式及分布式的协调控制策略，充分发挥现有输、配电网的潜力。本项目的研究成果，将对短期内以更优的性能、更少的谐波干扰、更广的电压适应性、更经济的造价，以渐进的方式在输、配电网中推广普及FACTS技术提供重要理论依据和技术支撑。

提高FACTS装置对不同电压等级电网的适应性，降低FACTS装置的造价，减少电力电子开关器件引入的谐波问题，是目前我国电网全面实现柔性灵活输电所亟需解决的问题。本项目提出了基于直流磁控电抗器及预测控制的多构型FACTS控制技术：首先，本项目针对传统MCR控制策略进行改进，提出双环电压控制策略，同时控制电流和电压，初步提升了MCR的动态特性；接下来基于对MCR磁滞效应的理论研究，本项目提出预测控制与快速励磁MCR的设计，在MCR中新增控制模块，实现对磁滞效应的实时在线预测补偿控制，进一步提升了其动态响应能力；在此基础上，根据动态特性将FACTS设备分为三类，进而提出多FACTS构型，将三类不同速度的无功补偿设备采用不同构型进行组合，并在不同构型中，采取较快速设备优先响应、较慢速设备主动变化的思路进行控制，进一步提出相应的协调控制策略，通过多构型FACTS设备的协调配合，不仅有效降低了投入成本，减少了电力电子开关器件引入的谐波，提高了动态响应速度，还提高了稳态无功调节范围和调节裕度。本项目研究成果将在现有设备不做重大改动的条件下，针对当时、当地的具体问题，将直流磁控电抗器设备与电网中已有的FACTS设备进行经济、高效的组合，进一步挖掘电网中FACTS设备的调节潜力，从而可以为柔性灵活输电技术的高效、经济和渐进式发展提供理论依据和技术支持。