考虑社会公平与效率的城市交通系统管理与优化建模研究

In recent years, expansion of urban population and rapidly increasing motorization lead to serious transport related externalities like growing congestion and pollution in some megalopolises of China. Meanwhile, the most sustainable and affordable trips by the modes of public transit and non-motorized have to bear such external costs caused by motorized mode especially private car, resulting in the issue of social equity. Multimodal transport system is a superposition or compound of different sub-systems including automobile network, transit network, and subway network, while there are big differences between individual travel behaviors and traffic management objectives. Therefore, the management of urban transport system contains a lot of basic science issues. In this project, we carry out our research work based on the basic characteristics of supply and demand in China's urban transportation system. Firstly, we will fully analyze the combined choice behaviors of different travelers according to the personal generalized travel cost to explore the structural features and the temporal and spatial distribution of the travel demand. Further, we will reveal the mechanism of actions between various types of travel behaviors and the resulting network traffic flows and the external costs consisting of traffic congestion and environmental pollution. At last, we will find Pareto-improving based urban transportation system management methods by fully considering the social equities of economic means and allocation of road resource. The related optimization models and algorithms will be proposed in this project. Therefore, this research has important academic values in development of the existing traffic management theory. Moreover, it has important practical significance in improvement the urban traffic management and policy-making in our country.

我国城市机动化出行需求迅速增长，具有环保特征的公共交通和自行车在交通发展中相对处于弱势，而这些弱势出行却承受机动化所带来的交通拥堵、环境污染等外部性成本，产生了城市交通的社会公平和效率问题。由于城市交通系统极为复杂，居民出行行为和交通管理目标存在较大差异，因此，城市交通系统管理蕴含大量科学问题。本项目紧密结合我国城市交通系统供需关系的基本特点，基于个人广义出行成本，深入分析多类别多层次出行的复合交通选择行为，揭示各类出行行为及由此产生的网络流量与交通拥堵、环境污染等社会外部性成本之间的作用机理，充分考虑经济手段调节以及道路资源配置中的社会公平和效率问题，寻找基于帕累托改进的城市综合交通系统管理和优化方法，提出相关的模型和求解算法。因此，本项目的研究不仅对发展交通科学具有重要的学术价值，而且对提高我国交通管理决策水平具有重要的现实意义。

我国城市机动化出行需求迅速增长，具有环保特征的公共交通和自行车在交通发展中相对处于弱势，而这些弱势出行却承受机动化所带来的交通拥堵、环境污染等外部性成本，产生了城市交通的社会公平和效率问题。依托本项目，我们对城市多模式交通系统供需关系的基本特点进行了深入分析，主要研究了城市多模式交通系统的超网络结构特征、多类型居民多层次出行的复合抉择行为、各类出行活动与交通拥堵、环境污染等社会外部性成本之间的作用关系，通过数学建模提出了城市多模式交通系统多目标优化方法，本项目研究为城市多模式交通系统分析奠定了理论基础，使我们对城市多模式交通系统管理优化的核心问题有了更清晰的认识。研究成果不仅对发展交通科学具有重要的学术价值，而且对提高我国交通管理决策水平具有重要的现实指导意义。