西夏文物三维数字化与虚拟复原方法研究

Tangut cultural relics are important heritage entity which can reflect Tangut social, Tangut history and Tangut culture at that time. And they are nonrenewable. Due to natural, historical and human factor, most of Tangut cultural relics are damaged and incomplete. Therefore, it is an urgent need to investigate how to apply 3D digital protection and virtual restoration technology in permanent preservation of Tangut cultural relics and virtual restoration of the fragmented relics. This project aims to investigate 3D digital technology and virtual restoration methods for protection of Tangut cultural relics. The main contents include in the following. (1)Based on existing digital technology, the suitable algorithms of digital technoloty for Tangut cultural relics are adopted such as the registration algorithm of measuring data under different viewpoint, mesh simplification and texture mapping methods. And three-dimensional models processing system of Tangut cultural relics are established using 3D digital technology. The system can display three-dimensional Tangut cultural relics with real color, real texture and real shape, which can be applied to digital Museum and other application fields.(2) Benefit from the concept of 3D moment base on local geometric information, novel 3D moments are constructed and the geometric invariance of proposed 3D moments is investigated.(3)The new algorithms are proposed to estimate the axis of rotation and generatrix of symmetric objects using 3D radon transform. (4)The feature matching algorithms and classification algorithms are proposed for fragment reassembly. (5)The system will be developed for virtual restoration of fragmented Tangut cultural relics, which can implement automatic restoration function. This project will provide excellent solution and new concept for 3D digital protection of Tangut cultural relics and will benefit the research of Tangutology, which has important theoretical and practical significance.

西夏文物是研究西夏社会历史文化的重要实物资料，具有不可再生性。由于历史、自然和人为因素，大多数西夏文物遭到不同程度损坏。因此，如何利用三维数字化保护与虚拟复原技术对西夏文物进行永久保存和虚拟复原是目前迫切需要研究和解决的问题。本项目拟研究三维数字化技术与虚拟复原方法并应用于西夏文物保护，具体包括：（1）在现有三维数字化技术的基础上，选择合适的多视角数据配准、网格简化和纹理映射方法，建立西夏文物三维模型库，实现真实感的三维文物模型显示，并应用于数字博物馆等；（2）引入基于局部特征的三维矩的构造思想，构造新的三维矩特征，并研究其几何不变性；（3）设计基于三维Radon变换的旋转体母线和旋转轴估计方法；（4）设计碎片的分类算法和匹配算法，实现自动拼接；（5）实现所设计的算法，并开发西夏文物虚拟复原系统。本项目的研究为西夏文物保护提供新思路、新方法，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

本项目针对西夏文物数字化与虚拟修复关键问题展开研究，取得以下几方面的工作进展：.1进行了西夏文物的三维数字化工作，具体包括：（1）文物的扫描工作，应用三维扫描仪对器皿类文物进行扫描得到其三维点云数据，其中，器皿类文物125件，碎片文物250块;（2）对三维点云进行处理，包括点云的网格化，网格简化、补洞、标志点去除及补充等；（3）获取真彩色、真纹理的文物模型，包括通过单反相机拍摄三维文物的二维图片，利用PKM软件对二维图片进行分割处理，得到文物的三维全景图。（4）基于OpenGL的三维文物显示，通过OpenGL实现获取的真彩色、真纹理、真形状文物三维数据显示，包括灯光效果、实时网页显示等。.2构建了宁夏博物馆馆藏西夏文物的点云数据库，对文物进行了归纳、分类，并在此基础上设计了西夏文物查询系统，在网站可以直接使用。.3设计并实现了宁夏博物馆虚拟展示系统，包括全景地图展示、网上漫游、文物的虚拟展示和文物查询等功能。.4研究了三维文物的形状特征度量方法、形状识别方法、颅骨类文物修复算法、形状分类与检索方法、形状(图像)增强、图像融合等方法。