核-壳结构阻燃粒子在飞机客舱用聚氨酯泡沫中的阻燃应用研究

Flame retardancy and toughness are both the important performance for the rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) used as aeronautical material. Usually, the adding of flame retardant in RPUF would result in excellent resistance to flame while weak mechanical performance always accompanies. This project proposes a new method to prepare flame retardant with unique core-shell structure. The core-shell flame retardant DBDPE@MMA-AA particles were synthesized using an emulsion polymerization approach with decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) as the core material. Thanks to the surface reactive group of shell material methyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylatecopolymer (MMA-AA), strong interface interaction between the core-shell particles and the RPUF matrix can be obtained, which is benefit for the enhancement of toughness. The core-shell particles with tunable particle size, shell thickness and reactive group content can be really gained with the control of polymerization reaction conditions, the MMA-AA ratio and DBDPE particle size. Various core-shell particles would be introduced to the RPUF to explore the flame retardant mechanism as well as the relationship between the mechanical properties and flame retardancy.This project is of great significance for the development of flame retardant with new-type structure in polymer matrix, expanding the application area of core-shell particles/polymer composites. In addition, this work develops a new approach of preparing polymer composites with both outstanding flame retardancy and toughness, providing the theory basis and experimental basis to for the development of aeronautical materials with comprehensive performance outstanding aviation materials.

阻燃和机械性能是硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)用于航空材料的重要指标。常规添加型阻燃在达到阻燃的同时会使泡沫机械性能劣化。本项目提出一种新的阻燃剂结构设计和制备方法，即：采用乳液聚合制备以十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)为核，甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸(AA)共聚物为壳的核-壳结构型复合阻燃剂粒子，通过粒子表面的活性基团与异氰酸酯反应增强界面作用，从而得到具有良好阻燃性能和机械性能，可用于飞机客舱的RPUF。本项目通过控制聚合反应条件、MMA-AA共聚比、DBDPE粒径制备合适粒径、壳厚度、表面官能度含量的核-壳结构型复合阻燃剂粒子，探明核-壳型阻燃剂对RPUF的阻燃机理及力学性能与阻燃性之间的关系。本项目不仅能为开发新型结构阻燃剂提供新的思路，扩展核壳结构聚合物的应用领域，而且能为开发在阻燃的同时改善聚合物韧性提供新的途径，为开发综合性能突出的航空材料等提供理论基础和实验依据。

阻燃和机械性能是硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)用于航空材料的重要指标。常规添加型阻燃在达到阻燃的同时会使泡沫机械性能劣化。本项目提出一种新的阻燃剂结构设计和制备方法，即：采用乳液聚合制备以十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)为核，甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸(AA)共聚物为壳的核-壳结构型复合阻燃剂粒子，通过粒子表面的活性基团与异氰酸酯反应增强界面作用，从而得到具有良好阻燃性能和机械性能，可用于飞机客舱的 RPUF。本项目通过控制聚合反应条件、 MMA-AA 共聚比、 DBDPE 粒径制备合适粒径、壳厚度、表面官能度含量的核-壳结构型复合阻燃剂粒子，探明核-壳型阻燃剂对 RPUF 的阻燃机理及力学性能与阻燃性之间的关系。本项目不仅能为开发新型结构阻燃剂提供新的思路，扩展核壳结构聚合物的应用领域。