中国园林声景资源保护的基础问题研究

This research focus on the fundamental issues of soundscape preserving in Chinese classical garden. Firstly, the soundscape characterizes in some typical gardens‘ different historical period are summarized by means of literature research, also its animals, plants, water, rockeries, architectures and human activities are analyzed, which are all related to gardens’ soundscape creation. The general aim of which is to clarify the forming and evolution mechanism of the soundscape, and its sound beauty construction techniques in traditional gardens. Then, the exist internal and external sound environment of typical gardens are investigated, its historical soundscape resources are verified on sit. Based on the frame of historical soundscape preserving, the noise control standards and management strategy for internal and external environment are suggested, also the standard for historical soundscape resources preserving (including the physical environment and its artistic conception). In the end, the soundscape database of typical gardens are set up, including the sound records of exist environment and its related historical documents; The preventive protection strategy for garden’s soundscape preserving is discussed through the soundscape datas real-time monitoring and analysis; This research breaks through the limit of tangible heritage protection model, It is not only the basic goal of history original flavor protection for Chinese classical garden, but also a beneficial exploration of intangible landscape resources conservation in the future, It is a new areas merit to study.

本研究采用文献资料考证结合实证研究分析的方法，首先广泛研读园林史料，就代表性园林不同历史时期可能的园林声景特征进行概括，就与之相关的动物、植物、山水、建筑，乃至人文活动等进行分析，厘清园林声景的形成机制与演变原由。并就园林内部及外部声环境现状进行调查，就其历史声景资源进行考证，分析其营造意匠，探索符合声景遗产保护目标的园林内部及外部噪声控制标准与策略，同时就园林历史声景资源保护规范进行研究（包括物理环境与艺术内涵）。选择1-2个代表性园林，就其声景数据进行采集，结合史料收集，建立典型园林声景资源库；并对园林声景数据进行实时监测与分析，探素以预防为主的园林声景资源保护模式；本研究突破了传统以有形景观为核心的园林遗产保护局限，将声景及其文化精神作为景观资源进行保护。这既是中国园林历史原真性保护的基本要求，也是园林无形景观资源保护的有益探索，对促进园林遗产保护水平的全面提升大有裨益。

项目采用文献资料考证结合实证研究分析的方法，在系统研读园林史料的基础上，厘清了明清江南园林的声景构成特征，概括出园林动物、植物、山水、建筑环境，以及人文活动等与园林声景的内在联系。选择拙政园等8座世界遗产园林为案例，进一步完善了中国园林典型声景资源库，统一了园林声景数据采集与建库标准。并对拙政园、留园等内部及外部声环境现状及存在问题进行调查，初步形成了符合园林遗产保护目标的声景资源保护，以及游客与环境噪声管理策略，促进了以留园为代表的“园林静好”等品牌工程的试点与推广。.项目还拓展了我国风景名胜区声景资源保护的研究内容，立足广州白云山风景名胜区声景资源保护分区保护目标，划分“声音高敏感区”“声音中敏感区”“声音低敏感区”“声音不敏感区”四个等级，分别制定了对应的声环境保护策略。初步厘清了杭州西湖“九里云松/松涛”“凤岭松涛”“南屏晚钟”“浙江秋涛”等典型声景名胜的形成与变迁机制，为杭州西湖遗产价值评估及保护提供了全新的视角。在广州“海珠国家湿地公园”建立了我国首个声景生态监测站，为湿地生态系统的生物多样性监测与评估提供声景生态数据与评估方法。同时积极开展科普公益活动，积极宣传人与自然和谐的生活方式，推动面向生态文明的生态宜居环境建设。.项目首次从声景资源保护角度探讨中国园林的声环境问题，突破了传统以物理降噪为核心的技术控制局限，同时也为传统以有形实物与文字资料为基础的园林史学研究开创了一个全新的实证研究平台。研究成果填补了我国风景园林声景资源保护研究空白，进一步丰富和完善了中国园林遗产保护的方法和内容，拓展了国际前沿的声景生态保护研究，有利于在更高层面上构建社会发展与园林声环境保护的和谐共融，并为生态文明时代营造绿水青山好声音提供有益的参照。