寒旱区沙地-草原交接带典型湖泊水盐源解析与生命演化归趋模拟

Lake at the transition zone from sand land to prairie as the surface water resource play an important ecological function, and control the deterioration and spread of the sand land. In recent years, the lakes in this region have been salinized and atrophic, and even the whole has been disappeared. The main reason is that the water circulation mechanism of the lake at the transition zone from sand land to prairie is still not clear, the water salinization trend and the life trend are still unanswered; the protection measures cannot be established effectively. In view of this, this project to select the Dalinol Lake as a typical research object, this lake is located at the transition zone from Hundak sand to Xilingol prairie and Gongle prairie. Firstly, using stable isotope technique and Mini-piezometer to trace and analysis water cycle for Dalinol Lake, to reveal the recharge and discharge direction and specific exchange amount of water, to clear the role of groundwater in the supply source of lake water. Secondly, analysis and research the chemical genetic process of lake water, establish the salt equilibrium model based on the water equilibrium model, and to explain the salt source and calculate the dynamic exchange quantity for Dalinol Lake. Thirdly, study the evolvement rule of water and salt in the lake in the past 50 years, to simulate the development trend of lake water salt and the trend of lifetime. Finally, put forward the suggestions and countermeasures for regional lake protection, and provide scientific decision basis for regional water resources development and utilization and water environment, ecological environment protection.

沙地-草原交接带湖泊作为区域的地表水资源发挥着重要的生态功能，控制着沙地的恶化和蔓延，近年来该区域湖泊出现了不同程度的盐化和萎缩，更有甚者整体都消亡殆尽，主要原因在于沙地-草原交接带湖泊的水循环机制尚不明确，湖水盐化趋势和生命走向等问题尚无答案，无法建立针对性的保护措施。鉴于此，本课题选取浑善达克沙地与锡林郭勒草原、贡格尔草原交接带的达里诺尔湖作为典型研究对象，首先，利用稳定同位素和测压计技术示踪分析达里诺尔湖水循环过程，揭示水体的补排方向与具体交换量，明确地下水在达里湖补给水源中的角色分量；其次，分析研究湖泊水化学成因过程，在水量平衡模型基础上建立盐分平衡模型，解析湖泊盐分来源及动态交换量；再次，进行达里湖近50年来的历史水盐演化规律研究，模拟预测未来气象条件下湖泊水盐的发展动向及生命归趋。最后，提出区域湖泊保护的建议与对策，为区域水资源开发利用、水环境及生态环境保护的决策提供科学依据。

沙地-草原交接带湖泊作为区域的地表水资源发挥着重要的生态功能，控制着沙地的恶化和蔓延，近年来该区域湖泊出现了不同程度的盐化和萎缩，更有甚者整体都消亡殆尽。鉴于此，本项目选取浑善达克沙地与锡林郭勒草原、贡格尔草原交接带的达里诺尔湖作为典型研究对象，分析了湖水、地下水、河水、大气降水的氢、氧同位素的分布特征及规律，建立了湖泊水量平衡模型，确定出达里诺尔湖地下水补给约占到全部来源的45%，明确了流域降水、地表水、地下水及湖水的转化关系。进行了水化学组分分布规律及特征研究，分析了岩石风化、蒸发浓缩等作用对水化学成因过程的具体影响，对冰封及非冰封状态湖泊流域的盐分空间分布情况进行了成因分析，明确了湖泊的水化学类型。遥感解译了湖泊历史面积、历史蓄水量等数据，结合周边地下水的历史水位、历史盐分资料，分析了湖泊近2400年以来的大气降水过程，对2400年以来达里湖的蒸发及补给量变化过程进行了分析，为区域湖泊的保护提供了支撑。项目组公开发表论文15篇（全部标注），其中SCI收录7篇，EI收录2篇，CSCD及中文核心收录6篇；出版专著1部；授权国家发明专利3项，申请国家发明专利1项，授权国家实用新型专利3项；项目组参编2项内蒙古地方标准；参加国内和国际高水平学术会议7次。