外显记忆与内隐记忆的行为和神经机制分离：知识表征的作用

The link/dissociation between explicit memory and implicit memory has enjoyed a great surge of interest in the past decade from the behavioral and neural mechanism perspectives. Several potential problems, however, can be arised with respect to prior investigations. First, previous research that focus on these two types of memories rarely manipulate the modulation of different pre-existing representations in long term memory simultaneously; and less of them has paid attention to the regulation of other factors on these activities. Second, a larger majority of prior studies that investigate the link/dissociation between these two types of memories have regularly used relatively different tasks, namely, they are explored separately and the tasks are seldom combined into one. Third, the revelancy of the spatial and the temporal neural mechanisms on the influence of different pre-existing memory representations on these two types of memories are unclear. To counteract these problems, based on some of our recently completed studies (Nie, Griffin, Keinath, Walsh, Dittmann & Reder, 2013a; Nie, Griffin & Reder, 2013b, 2013c), several ERP (event-related potentials) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) experiments using both separate and combined tasks were designed, together with the methods of LORETA、ICA、SEM、ACT-R and PPI, and faces (famous faces vs. unknown faces) and letter strings (words vs. pseudo-words) were seved as materials. First, the influence of encoding task on the mediation of various pre-existing memory representations on the behavioral data and the temporal and spatial brain distributions of explicit memory was explored simultaneously. Second, the modulation of different pre-existing memory representations on the behavioral performance and the brain activity of implicit memory (repetition priming) was conducted in one experiment simultaneously, together with the regulations of both the task and the lag on the above activities. Third, one new paradigm that could acquir the results of explicit memory on the basis of those of explicit memory were adopted to investigate the behavioral and the neural characteristics of these two types of memories. These investigations will not only break through the limitation of the status that the influence of different pre-existing memory representations on explicit memory and implicit memory been neglected. Again, the present experiments will conquer the insufficiency of prior studies that only adopt separate tasks to probe the behavioral and the neural mechanism relations between these two types of memories. Furthermore, the present studies will provide strong groundwork and evidence for the establishment of novel cognitive model and neural dynamic network model from both the temporal and the spatial perspectives for?the link/dissociation between explicit memory and implicit memory.

外显记忆与内隐记忆的行为和神经机制分离成果令人瞩目，然而，鲜见同时考察不同知识表征调节作用的报道、实验范式相对独立、神经机制时空分布关系研究欠缺。鉴于此，本申请基于我们新完成的研究（2013a, 2013b, 2013c），采用具有高时间分辨率的ERP技术和具有高空间分辨率的fMRI技术、结合LORETA溯源分析、ICA分析、SEM、ACT-R计算认知模拟和PPI功能连接等方法，分别在独立任务和联合任务新范式下，探明知识表征调节两种记忆的行为特点及其激活脑区的神经过程、溯源定位和功能连接的规律：①同时考察不同知识表征在不同编码条件下对外显记忆的影响；②间隔和任务等对知识表征影响内隐记忆的调节；③基于外显记忆结果剖析内隐记忆，并揭示知识表征的调节机制。突破了不同知识表征同时调节作用受到忽视和实验范式相对独立的局面，有利于构建反映外显记忆与内隐记忆之间关系的新认知模型和神经网络动态活动模型。

外显记忆与内隐记忆的行为和神经机制分离成果令人瞩目，然而，知识表征对两种记忆调节作用的报道相对欠缺、相应的神经机制时空分布关系研究相对薄弱。本申请主要以图形、面孔和字符串为实验材料，采用具有高时间分辨率的ERP技术和具有高空间分辨率的fMRI技术、结合LORETA溯源分析、ICA分析、SEM、ACT-R计算认知模拟和PPI功能连接等方法，探明知识表征调节两种记忆的行为特点及其激活脑区的神经过程、溯源定位和功能连接的规律。重点从行为和神经机制角度开展了如下研究：1)外显记忆的行为与神经机制研究：知识表征的调节；2)内隐记忆的行为与神经机制研究：知识表征的调节。经过三年的工作，本项目研究目标顺利完成。与研究目标关联的发表论文有10篇：SSCI/SCI期刊发表论文4篇，权威期刊《心理学报》发表论文1篇，一级期刊发表论文5篇。培养硕士生10余名，出国交流和参会2次，参加国内会议7次。