纤维素诱导剥离石墨烯气凝胶的结构调控及吸附性研究

With the fast development of modern industry, heavy metal contaminant becomes more severe. How to eliminate the damage and effectively recover heavy metals is the outstanding problem of current environmental protection work. The adsorption of cellulose/graphene aerogel as a novel heavy metal removal technology has many advantages, including abundant resource, environmental friendly, high specific surface, high porosities and without second pollution, which make that have a wide application prospect. This project aims to prepare cellulose/graphene naono-composite arogel based on cellulose and graphite, and graphene can be directly exfoliated of graphite with cellulose in the role of mechanical shearing force, one step preparation of cellulose /graphene nano composite sol, then further drying to obtain cellulose/graphene nano composite aerogels. Then will investigate the structure、morphology and adsorption property of composites considering that he degree of polymerization of cellulose,the content of graphene,the sheet size of graphene,the conditions of regeneration,the temperature of coagulation bath and drying methods. And to elucidate the synergetic mechanism of cellulose/graphene in the composite aerogels. Through the above research, the relationship between the structure and properties of the cellulose/graphene composite gels and aerogels prepared by two solvents will be was established, which will provide theoretical reference for the development and application of high adsoption of cellulose/graphene composite aerogel.

随着现代工业的迅速发展，重金属离子污染日趋严重。如何消除重金属的危害并有效地回收重金属是当今环境保护工作面临的突出问题。纤维素/石墨烯复合气凝胶作为一种新兴的重金属去除回收方法，具有原料来源广泛、环境友好、不产生二次污染、高孔隙率和高比表面积等优点，展现了其良好应用前景。本项目以纤维素、鳞片石墨粉为原料，选择绿色溶剂碱脲溶液和离子液体为溶剂，在机械力作用下纤维素直接剥离石墨获得石墨烯，一步法制备纤维素/石墨烯纳米复合溶胶，进一步干燥处理获得纤维素/石墨烯纳米复合气凝胶。考察了纤维素聚合度、浓度、石墨烯含量、石墨烯片层大小、再生条件、凝固浴温度及干燥方式对纤维素/石墨烯纳米复合气凝胶结构、形貌及吸附性能的影响，阐明纤维素与石墨烯在复合气凝胶中的的协同作用机制，为进一步制备纤维素/石墨烯纳米复合高吸附性能气凝胶的研究及应用提供理论指导。

纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然高分子之一，由于其可再生性，广泛存在于木材、棉花、棉絮、麦秸、稻草、芦苇和桑树中。以天然纤维素为原料制备的纤维素气凝胶成本低廉，是该资源的常用应用途径。我们主要的工作是选择功能性无机纳米片，采用一种简单有效工艺制备出高机械强度纤维素基复合气凝胶，并系统地研究了该气凝胶的机械性能、吸附剂用量、溶液pH值和接触时间对染料和重金属离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明，纤维素基复合气凝胶具有良好的力学性能和较高的吸附容量，同时利用吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究其吸附机理。. 我们通过在纤维素气凝胶三维多孔结构中接枝明胶电解质，制备出纤维素气凝胶明胶膜（CAG）作为全固体电解质膜。纤维素气凝胶骨架可有效降低电池短路的可能性，在保证离子导电性稳定的同时，可显著提高机体电解质的机械强度。CAG膜具有具有较好的柔韧性和力学性能和高孔三维结构和高储液能力，在室温下具有1.76×10−2scm-1的超高离子电导率，同时保持了良好的机械强度和生物降解性,优异的性能使其成为生物降解锌离子电池的理想电解质.