水稻钵苗变行距插秧机栽植机构工作机理及实现方法研究

The technology of rice pot seedling transplanting has such characteristics as fast turning green,early tillers and increasing yield, but the existing pot seedling transplanters can not adapt to the agronomic requirements in southern double season rice area for different height or different spacing seedling. . Breaking the designing concept of fixed spacing seedling transplanting, the project focuses on the research on working theory and designing methods of transplanting mechanism of variable-line-spacing transplanter for rice pot seedling.. Through the analysis of the characteristics of pot seedling drawing off, the project designs a new mechanism for drawing off the pot seedling from pot,to obtain the ideal moving trajectory.. Analyzing the property of pot seedling colliding with the curve when dropping, the project studies a novel variable-line-spacing seedling delivery system,and optimize the parameters of mouth form and curve of delivery sleeve wall. When it needs to transplant by variable-line-spacing, i.e., after changing the spacing between the delivery sleeve,the pot seedling can fall into the sleeve mouth,without changing complex vertical and horizontal delivery system, and avoid being break and hurt after colliding. . Analyzing the working theory of the single transplanting arm transplanting, the project researches the variable-line-spacing transplanter for different height pot seedling(big or small seedling), and explores ideal mechanism the coupling performance by simulating after studying the coupling characteristic of variable-line-spacing transplanter members, to build motion model and optimize the structure parameter.. The research will provides a new idea for the better design of rice transplanter which is more suitable for China’s national conditions and greatly improve the yield.

水稻钵苗移栽返青快、分蘖早、可提高产量，但现有钵苗移栽机不能适应南方双季稻区不同高度，不同行距秧苗移栽的农艺要求。本项目突破固定行距钵苗栽植机的设计理念，提出研究适合不同苗高、不同行距钵苗变行距插秧机栽植机构的设计理论及其实现方法。项目拟通过分析钵苗拔取特性，创新设计曲柄连杆取秧机构，获取理想的取秧轨迹；分析钵苗下落时与曲面的碰撞特性及钵苗的下落姿态，研究新型变行距输秧筒，优化输秧筒入口形状及筒壁多样曲面参数，使变行距栽植时，即调动输秧筒间距后，无需调节复杂的纵、横向输秧机构，钵苗仍可落入筒口，可避免碰撞后出现钵上茎下受伤折断的情况；分析单插植臂插植水稻的工作特性，研究栽插不同高度钵苗（大、小秧苗）插秧机栽植机构；分析水稻钵苗变行距插秧机栽植机各机构的耦合特性，仿真模拟，探索理想的机构耦合性能，建立运动分析模型，优化结构参数。项目为设计更适合我国国情化、大幅度提高产量的水稻移栽机提供新思路

本项目突破固定行距钵苗栽植机的设计理念，提出研究适合不同苗高、不同行距钵苗变行距插秧机栽植机构的设计理论及其实现方法。研究内容全部按计划完成，经费结余12.775万。.主要研究内容：对钵盘秧苗进行拔取性能的试验及研究，分析了钵苗品种、秧龄、取秧位置和取秧角度等 4个因素与钵苗拔取力之间的关系；由于受取苗空间结构限制，动力输出与取、投苗点距离较大，若直接采用曲柄摇杆机构实现目标取苗轨迹，将可能出现由于杆长偏大而导致机构振动大、运动不准确等问题，创新设计了采用双曲柄机构和曲柄摇杆机构组合机构来实现取苗的取苗连杆机构，获取理想取秧轨迹；要实现钵苗变行距栽植，分析了钵苗下落时与曲面碰撞特性及钵苗的下落姿态，创新设计了锥斗型输秧筒，满足7寸-9寸的通用性较高的水稻钵苗移栽，使变行距栽植时，无需调节复杂的纵、横向输秧机构，钵苗仍可落入筒口，可避免碰撞后出现钵上茎下受伤折断的情况；为使移栽后钵苗在泥土中的直立度更好，课题组设计了开沟和雍泥机构，立苗率为 97.5%，且使大部分秧苗的钵体完全处于泥面下，秧苗植深合格率达到了 90.83%，壅泥效果较好，有利于秧苗的生长发育；利用MATLAB对机构进行数学建模，并通过MATLAB优化工具箱确定其杆长及各参数，完善参数，结合五菱柳机2Z430原型手扶式插秧机，改进制造样机一台，并进行试验；样机工作性能实验及田间试验结果表明：该移栽机能够实现钵苗移栽的变行距要求，能够在7寸与9寸之间切换，且7寸与9寸的伤秧率、漏秧率以及倒翻率均符合夹持式移栽机作业的标准要求。.主要研究成果：水稻钵苗变行距移栽机一台，发表相关论文5篇，获权相关专利11项，培养硕士研究生3名，参加国内外学术会议4人次以上。.主要存在的问题：由于存在零件的加工误差和装配误差，整机运转时，容易产生振动，取苗精度不高，课题组利用经费结余后期完善移栽机的整体结构设计。