干旱区绿洲城市形态与空气质量的关系研究

Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems among the large cities around the world, which directly threatens the survival of human beings and has been paid much attention by people. The interaction between urban form and emission sources affects the quality of the air. The purpose of this project is to apply the theories of urban geography and environmental science, adopt the mobile air quality monitoring technology, "3S" technology and statistical analysis method, and take the Urumqi city area which has been seriously polluted by air pollution in arid area as the object to develop these research works as follows. Firstly, the spatial-temporal change features of concentration of air pollutants at the small scale plots and specific streets are analyzed and relationships between air quality and urban form are explored. Secondly, the short-term exposure levels of air pollutants to different traffic micro-environment are measured and evaluated. Effects of street form, traffic, land use and weather on exposure level are analyzed and the relationship between the personal exposure level and concentration of fixed monitoring sites is explored. Thirdly, land use regression model (LUR) is established by land use, traffic road, population, weather and point pollution source data as independent variables, and LUR simulation results are used to predict urban pollutant concentration distribution by IDW interpolation method. The above research results can not only enrich the theoretical research of urban air pollution control in arid areas, but also provide a practical reference for urban planning departments to improve air quality through optimizing urban form elements.

空气污染是目前全球大城市面临的最严重环境问题之一，直接威胁到人类生存，受到人们的普遍关注。城市形态与排放源之间的相互作用影响着空气质量。本项目拟运用城市地理学、环境科学理论，采用移动式空气质量监测技术、“3S”技术和统计分析方法，以干旱区遭受严重空气污染危害的乌鲁木齐市为研究对象开展如下研究。第一，分析建成区内若干小尺度样地和特定街道空气污染物浓度的时空变化特征及其影响因素，并探讨城市形态与空气质量的相关性；第二，对不同交通微环境中的空气污染物短期暴露水平进行测量和评价，分析街道形态、交通、土地利用和气象因子对暴露水平的影响，并探讨固定监测站点浓度与个人暴露水平之间的关系。第三，以土地利用、交通道路、人口、气象、点源污染数据为自变量建立土地利用回归模型（LUR），并利用LUR模拟结果采用IDW插值方法对城市污染物浓度分布作出预测。

空气污染是目前全球大城市面临的最严重环境问题之一，直接威胁到人类生存和健康，日益受到关注。已有研究缺乏对微观层面探讨城市形态与空气质量的关系以及环境污染暴露微观影响因子的关注。项目首先较为系统的梳理与总结了城市形态对空气质量影响的研究，并采用遥感影像、国控点监测数据从宏观层面分析全国、区域和城市污染的空间分布和城市形态等影响因素，然后通过PM2.5、NO2、CO和O3等便携式气体监测仪、全球定位系统和问卷调查收集实地空气污染数据、位置数据和调查对象的环境感知，开展了街道峡谷、街区分析空气污染物的时空分布特征及与街道和街区形态的相关性、个体暴露评价和LUR模型的构建于预测等实证分析。通过挖掘宏微观层面城市形态与空气质量的作用关系，探讨不同通勤方式个体环境污染暴露水平，获得高精度的污染物浓度空间分布图，为提高居民健康水平，制定可持续的城市规划和环境发展政策提供科学依据。