多相开关磁阻电机及其容错技术的基础研究

Compared with the traditional three-phase motors, multi-phase motor possesses many advantages in such high property and reliability applications as aerospace, ship propulsion, new energy power generation and electric vehicles for its high torque density, high efficiency, small torque ripple and high fault-tolerant capability. In order to broaden theoretical research and application fields of the Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM), this project systematically carry out the fundamental research of multi-phase switch reluctance motor, analyze the transient magnetic field theory and establish the non-linear phase mathematical model firstly based on mutual inductance. It also develops the study of torque suppression, vibration and noise of the multi-phase SRM will be analysed in this project.The fault tolerant technology research is discussed in three aspects:the structure of machine, position sensors, converter topology and control strategies. By modularization, it proposes the multichannel three-phase interleaving technique as the solution for fault tolerant system of switched reluctance motor. Combining fundamental theory research with national strategy demand, it provides the basic theory support which has fully independent intellectual property rights for high performance aerospace starter/generator, fuel pump drive motor and electric actuator fault-tolerant SR motor. The technologies provided by the project can also be directly used in wind power generators, electric vehicles and other industrial applications, accelerating the related technology development.

与传统三相电机相比，多相电机具有转矩密度高、效率高、转矩脉动小和容错能力强等显著优点，在航空航天、舰船推进、新能源发电以及电动汽车等场合具有突出的优势。为了拓宽开关磁阻电机的理论研究和应用领域，本项目率先系统地开展多相开关磁阻电机的基础研究，探索解决多相开关磁阻电机的瞬态场设计理论，建立相间耦合的非线性数学模型；开展多相开关磁阻电机转矩脉动抑制与振动、噪声等难题的研究；从电机本体、位置传感器、变换器拓扑及控制等多方位开展多相开关磁阻电机的容错技术研究，利用模块化设计思路，提出多通道交错并联的多相开关磁阻容错电机的集成方案。本项目把应用基础理论研究与国家战略需求相结合，为高性能、大容量的航空起动/发电机、燃油泵驱动电机、电作动容错电机的研究提供基础理论支撑，形成我国完全自主知识产权的新型航空开关磁阻容错电机技术，其技术也可直接应用于风力发电机、电动汽车等工业领域，促进相关领域的技术水平发展。

本项目在国家自然科学基金的资助下对多相开关磁阻电机（Multi-phase Switched reluctance motor）及其驱动、控制系统进行了深入的研究。.总结了多相SRM的基本设计规律。与三相电机相比，偶数相电机存在磁极排列不能对称的问题，针对这一问题，课题组对比了不同磁极排列方式下四相、六相电机的动态性能，损耗分析和应力分析，总结了几种典型磁极排列方式的优缺点。.针对多相SRM出线多，功率变换器结构复杂、功率器件需求量大等问题，开展系列拓扑方案的研究，提出了一种N+2式新型功率变换器拓扑并分析其可控性和中点电位优化控制策略。.提出了多相电机驱动系统的模块化设计方法，将整个驱动系统分解成多个独立的子模块单元，每个子模块单元连接单相绕组。模块与模块之间没有电气耦合，系统方便更换重构，提高了系统的容错性和可扩展性。.针对六相电机提出了两种双通道冗余驱动系统：交替双三相和六相双绕组结构。驱动模块的每个桥臂均为全桥结构，当某相出现故障时，可将故障相从系统中断开，同时修改正常相的电流方向，达到极性重构，改善电机故障状态下的输出性能的目的。.利用Ansoft等有限元仿真软件，设计了一台高速六相SR电机和磁悬浮支撑六相SR电机，并开发了两种规格300W、1kW宽转速范围四相SR电机驱动系统，并对比分析了样机的稳态和动态性能。