阈流网络视野的乡土卵石作景观体系研究——以浙闽两省为例

The Threshold-based river flow network is a new system proposed by the study combined with river network theory, which can not only accommodate the gradual change of culture following the flow line, but also demonstrate the new mutation of cross culture following threshold line. As the main line of progressive development through “Network Construction-Investigation and Arrangement-Landscape Research”, the development of Threshold-based river flow network is the focal point to the study, for it is the key to the sampling research of the local pebble stone work landscape, also the framework of interactive platform construction through ArcGIS, as well as the research tools of local pebble stone work landscape in vertical and horizontal relevance. Due to the widespread distribution and universal application of pebble resources in the valley streams of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, the network is highly suitable to the research of relying-on-water and small-scale linear dispersed local pebble stone work landscape in these two provinces. This elaborately connected network will show a new horizon and understanding to the research of local pebble stone landscape, meanwhile, provide a systematic, innovative and efficient method and tool for the study of other cultural landscapes closely related to river distribution. So it has a clear theoretical and ideological characteristics, also plays an important role in carrying forward the local characteristics, inheriting its cultural landscape heritage, echoing the national beautiful rural construction strategy requirements, and enriching the local landscape research methods and connotations.

阈流网络是本课题结合河网理论提出的，既能包容流线之文化线路渐变，还可窥探阈线跨文化突变的新网络体。作为贯穿课题“网络建构——调研整理——景观研究”递进发展之主线，阈流网络既是课题研制的重点，又是乡土卵石作景观取样调研的关键，还是以ArcGIS所构综合交互平台的框架，也是乡土卵石作景观纵横关联研究的工具。由于卵石资源在浙闽两省沟谷溪涧中广泛分布及其乡土运用俯拾皆是的特点；故该网络体对两省依水而生的、小尺度线性分散的乡土卵石作景观研究具有量身定做般的适宜性。以该巧妙关联的网络来考察乡土卵石作景观必将给我们带来新的视野与认识；同时该研究体系对密切依附河流分布的其他文化景观研究也是具有系统、创新与高效意义的方法与工具。这使课题具有了鲜明的理论与思想特色。课题研究还对弘扬地方特色、传承其文化景观遗产、呼应国家美丽乡村建设战略要求，以至丰富我国乡土景观研究方法与内涵等方面具有重要意义。

课题定为于浙闽两省的乡土民间，紧密围绕阈流网络视野的乡土卵石作景观研究展开。利用ArcGIS 提取河网与修正，以主干水系清晰、河网密度均衡、山脉特征明确、分布兼顾行政、省域全程覆盖等5原则作为合适河网的提取标准。研制尺度适宜的阈流网络，采取试错法，从山系异流、水系异流、行政异流3方面探寻阈线体系。并形成本课题的样点清单39个，针对阈流网络形成的样点地从精神层面、生活层面、防御层面、生产层面、交通层面以及匠作与匠师等层面的乡土卵石作景观，逐一对样点地进行实地调研，剔除没有乡土卵石作景观赋存之样点，并微调相应阈流网络，修正样点。梳理具有研究价值的26处样点地。构建了阈流网络的乡土卵石作景观数据库，对乡土卵石作景观研究系进行总体架构设计、功能模块设计、界面组织、采用数据层、处理层、应用层的三层架构开发模式。数据层通过接收系统处理层传入的指令，连接乡土卵石作数据库，获取相应的空间数据、属性数据以及文件资料等数据文件。系统处理层实现了景观研究系统内部各项功能函数的集成，通过调用GIS与SQL Server的应用接口，实现对数据库及系统各项功能模块的统一管理。应用层用于景观研究系统与用户间的交互，包括用户操作和系统可视化展示两方面。. 阈流网络可为乡土卵石作景观的研究提供新视野，还可为其他依水而存的文化景观研究提供一个系统性的方法与工具。该方法在内涵、思想和观念上对我国文化景观研究产生一定启示，从而丰富学科内涵。