城市道路设计对街区热环境的影响机理研究

The urban road is an important factor to affect the urban thermal environment. It is an important prerequisite for the scientific design of the urban road to quantitatively analyze the influence mechanism of the road design on the thermal environment of urban street block. In this project, based on the former projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, we will further perform: 1. To study the heat characteristics of urban traffic flow: to consider the heat transfer between the traffic flow (vehicle, pedestrian) and the environment, and establish the mathematical model of the heat dissipation of traffic flow. 2. To study the numerical simulation method of the thermal environment in the urban street block considering the urban road traffic flow: to establish the fluid mechanics models of different traffic flow, people flow during mixing or dispersion, add the heat dissipation model, and establish the numerical simulation system of the thermal environment in the urban street block considering the urban road traffic flow. 3. To study the effect of the urban road traffic flow on the thermal environment in the street block: to analyze the influence of various traffic flow models on the thermal environment in the street block. 4. To study the effect of the urban road network structure on the thermal environment in the street block: to analyze the influence of the change in the characteristic parameters of the urban road network structure on the thermal environment in the street block. This project is of great significance to improve the design level of the urban roads, improve our urban microclimate quality, improve the safety level of the outdoor thermal environment and decrease the energy consumption of buildings.

城市道路是影响城市热环境的重要因素。量化分析道路设计对城市街区热环境的影响机理，是城市道路设计走向科学化的重要前提。 本项目基于前期国家自然科学基金项目的研究成果，进一步开展：1.城市道路交通流的热源特征研究：综合分析城市街区热环境中交通流（车流、人流）与外界的各种换热，建立其散热数学模型。2.考虑城市道路交通流的街区热环境数值模拟方法研究：建立城市道路车流、人流在混合、分散等不同模式下的流体力学表征模型，嵌入其散热模型，编制考虑城市道路交通流的街区热环境数值模拟体系。3.城市道路交通流对街区热环境的影响研究：系统分析交通流参数的变化对街区热环境的影响。4.城市路网结构型式对街区热环境的影响研究：系统分析路网结构特性参数的变化对街区热环境的影响。 本项目研究对于提高城市道路设计水平，改善我国城市微气候质量，提高室外热环境的安全水平和降低建筑能耗具有重要的意义。

城市道路作为城市特殊下垫面，是影响城市热环境的重要因素，本项目系统研究了城市道路设计对街区热环境的影响机理，取得了如下主要成果：1.在理论方面：把握了城市道路交通现状及城市热环境中交通流的热源特征，建立了交通流的“三对象-四区域”冠层模型，并基于这一数学模型建立了考虑城市道路交通流的街区热环境数值模拟方法，系统探明了城市道路交通流和路网结构型式对街区热环境的影响机理。2.在应用方面：基于上述理论成果取得了城市热环境设计及测试标准、软件等应用性成果，如参编了广东省《城市热岛效应控制技术指引》（送审稿）、国家行业标准《建筑热环境测试方法标准》（JGJ/T347-2014）、国家行业标准《民用建筑绿色性能计算标准》（报批稿）、广东省地方标准《建筑材料和构件动态热湿传递性质试验方法—热湿气候风洞法》（DB44/T1451-2014）等。项目在论文发表、标准编制、人才培养、国际合作与交流、成果转化等方面都取得了重要成效，获得了中国建筑学会科技进步一等奖等相关科研奖励。项目研究为城市道路的科学化设计奠定了基础，对于改善我国城市气候质量，提高室外热环境的安全水平和降低建筑能耗具有重要的理论及现实意义。