不同起源气溶胶中主要金属离子的化学形态特征以及其对气溶胶的毒性和化学反应性影响的研究

The main aims of this study is that to develop a sensitive analytical method for the speciation analysis of each toxic metallic element in the fine aerosols and further to investigate the chemical speciation characteristics of each toxic metallic element in different aerosols, which originating from different sources, in detail by using the developed method. Based on above experiments, we hope to find the relationship between the chemical speciation characteristics of each toxic metallic element and the source of aerosol, and establish a new method of tracking aerosol's sources, which based on the chemical speciation characteristics of various metal ions in the aerosols. In the mean time, by evaluating the toxicity of the different aerosols, which has different speciation characteristics of toxic metallic elements, with plasmid DNA assay and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric method, we hope to realize the effect of chemical speciation characteristics of various metal ions on the toxicity of aerosols and the degradation of organic components in the aerosols, in order to provide novel database and theory for the discussion of the toxic source of aerosols, more accurate evaluation of the toxicity of different aerosols, more accurately assessing the impact of different aerosols on the atmospheric environment and people's health, and discussing the mechanism of heterogeneous reactions happened on the surface of aerosols.

本课题的主要目标是建立可吸入颗粒物中主要毒性金属元素的形态分析方法，并利用所建立的方法详细研究不同起源气溶胶中各金属元素的化学形态特征,探索发现气溶胶中金属离子的化学形态和气溶胶起源之间的关联，为建立一种新的基于气溶胶中各金属离子的化学形态特征的追踪气溶胶起源的方法提供理论依据。同时，结合质粒DNA评价法和流式细胞分析法分析评价含不同化学形态金属元素气溶胶的毒性，解明气溶胶中特定金属离子的化学形态对气溶胶毒性和气溶胶中主要有机毒性物质降解反应的影响，为分析气溶胶的毒性来源、正确评价不同起源气溶胶的毒性以及其对大气环境和人体健康的影响、分析探讨发生在气溶胶表面的多相反应的机理提供新的基础数据和理论依据。

本课题利用毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪联用技术建立了可吸入颗粒物中主要毒性金属元素铅和汞的形态分析方法，并利用所建立的分析方法详细研究了不同起源可吸入颗粒物中铅和汞的化学形态特征，发现了可吸入颗粒物中铅离子的化学形态和气溶胶起源之间的关联，为建立一种新的气溶胶源解析方法提供了新的思路。同时，利用纳米材料结合现代光电技术建立了超高灵敏的DNA快速检测方法，并初步尝试了利用DNA 评价法分析评价含不同化学形态铅和汞气溶胶的毒性的可能性。本研究成果为解明气溶胶中特定金属离子的化学形态对气溶胶毒性的影响以及分析气溶胶的毒性来源提供新的基础数据和理论依据。