旅游发展对传统地域文化景观演变的影响过程与驱动机制研究——以徽州地域文化景观为例

As a new important developing force, tourism is changing the proceeding on evolvement of cultural landscapes in traditional regions irreversibly. Then heritage conservation of cultural landscape in traditional regions is facing a huge challenge. Tourism of cultural landscape in traditional regions becomes the frontier study of human geography. Taking cultural landscapes in Huizhou region for instance and in the views of man-land relationship and macrocosm of regions, this subject integrates the theories with methods of geography, sociology, economics, tourism and heritage conservation; explores the process of spatial-temporal evolvement, the process and mechanism of space production/consumption and place reshaping which caused by tourism, the laws of forming and evolving of resident' perceptions on tourism in host community and tourists' place identity, the coupling mechanism between patterns of tourism development and evolvement of cultural landscape in traditional regions; reveals the evolutive process and mechanism of cultural landscape in traditional regions which drove by tourism development; finds the tourist functions of changes in man-land relationship of traditional regions and transitions in social culture; advances the "double-win" way of heritage conservation on cultural landscapes in traditional regions and sustainable development of tourism. This study will be going to enrich the research content of cultural geography and create the study thoughts of tourist geography. At the same time,it will provide the deciding foundations and practice directions of heritage conservation and planning of cultural landscape and sustainable development of tourism in the traditional regions.

作为新兴的重要发展力量，旅游正在不可逆转地改变着传统地域文化景观演变的进程，传统地域文化景观遗产保护面临着巨大挑战。传统地域文化景观旅游构成了人文地理学研究的前沿领域。本项目将以徽州地域文化景观为案例，综合运用地理学、社会学、经济学、旅游学、遗产保护等学科理论和方法，从人地关系和地域整体视角，探索传统地域文化景观旅游发展的时空演化过程、旅游引发的空间生产/消费过程及地方重构过程和机制、东道主社区和游客地方感知及身份认同的形成演化规律、旅游发展格局与传统地域文化景观演变的耦合机制，揭示旅游发展驱动传统地域文化景观演变的过程和机制，评估旅游在传统地域人地关系变化和社会文化变迁中的作用，提出传统地域文化景观遗产保护与旅游可持续发展的"双赢"途径。本研究将有助于丰富文化地理学的研究内容、创新旅游地理学的研究思路，同时为传统地域文化景观保护、规划和旅游可持续发展提供决策依据和实践指导。

旅游开发是传统村镇文化遗产保护和可持续利用的有效方式，同时旅游要素正在不可逆转地改变传统地域文化景观的演变进程。本项目以徽州文化景观为研究对象，在扎实的实地调研、文献梳理与数据分析的基础上，从人地关系和地域整体视角，探索旅游发展对传统地域文化景观演变的影响过程与机制。主要在徽州文化景观遗存的时空格局与演化（徽州传统村落遗存、徽州非物质文化遗产、徽州地名景观等）、徽州文化景观旅游发展的时空演化过程（徽州传统村落旅游开发时空格局、写生市场发展特征及游客满意度评价等）、徽州传统村落旅游发展的区域影响（旅游驱动的徽州传统村落城镇化、徽州传统村落旅游移民社会融合、徽州传统村落旅游商业化、徽州传统村落旅游地语言景观、旅游利益主体诉求及表达等）、徽州传统村落旅游社区恢复力等方面取得进展。对徽州全域进行了详细调研，走访调研了60多个徽州传统村落，收集了大量一、二手资料。在项目资助下，发表学术论文10篇，另有后续论文正在发表中。提交国际国内会议交流论文8篇，培养硕士毕业7人，在读博士1人、硕士11人，接受国内访问学者3人。积累和建立了徽州文化景观及其旅游开发的相关基础数据库。项目完成预期任务，达到预期目标。