绿洲城市园林及其配置结构对大气颗粒物的调控机制研究

Rely on air pollution removal function of urban green such as retention, capture and adhesion which effectively decreases the PM2.5 and other atmospheric particulate matter concentration, thereby reducing aerosol (Haze-fog) hazard should be studied in depth in current air pollution control in China. Scientifically selecting a reasonable tree species and optimizing the urban green configuration structure is one of the effective ways to alleviate the urban air pollution. This project relies on outlook, new ideas and achievements discovered from previous NSFC project, the urban green space system of Urumqi will be chosen as the research objective, regulation mechanism of urban green space towards atmospheric particulate matter will be studied. The regulation mechanism of different greening type’s (tree/shrub/grass, deciduous/coniferous trees) and its combination structure towards fine particulate matter such as PM2.5 will be analyzed and their reduction function of the atmospheric particulate matter will be quantified by integrating the field observation with the laboratory experiment. Through model simulation, spatio-temporal changes in atmospheric particulate matter and different green type’s removal of different particulate matter（PM2.5/PM10/TSP）will be predicted and ecosystem service value of urban green space will be estimated. Selecting best green configuration structure to reduce the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter effectively and optimizing urban green plant selection and management, which would provide a theoretical basis for creating a healthy and harmonious human settlement environment and ecological urban development in arid oasis cities.

借助园林植物的滞留、附着和黏附等吞污清除功能，有效降低PM2.5等大气颗粒物浓度，从而减少雾霾危害是当前我国大气污染治理应当深入研究的问题。科学选择合理树种、优化绿地配置结构是缓解城市空气污染的有效途径之一。本项目依托前一项基金项目研究过程中发现的问题、新思路及成果，选取乌鲁木齐市城市绿地系统为研究对象，以城市绿地对大气颗粒物的调控机制为研究主线，野外观测、室内测试和模型模拟方法相结合，对比分析不同植被类型（乔/灌/草，阔叶/针叶树）对PM2.5等颗粒物的调节能力；量化城市绿地不同配置结构对大气颗粒物的削减作用；通过模型预测颗粒物浓度的时空变化、不同绿地类型对大气颗粒物（PM2.5/PM10/TSP）的清除量，估算城市绿地净化空气的生态服务价值，从而筛选出有效降解大气颗粒物浓度的最佳绿地配置模式，优化绿洲城市园林植物选配与管理方案，为干旱区城市生态建设以及营造健康和谐的人居环境提供依据。

城市植被可通过其茂密枝叶和配置结构(种植布局、空间层次、斑块大小形状)截留空气中的颗粒物。通过量化绿地不同配置结构对大气颗粒物的削减能力，筛选滞尘效率高、削减能力强的配置模式是城市人居环境建设中亟待解决的关键科学问题。鉴于乌鲁木齐市特殊的地理环境与气候条件，加之燃煤污染与机动车尾气排放，致使雾霾治理异常艰难。探索城市园林及其配置结构对大气颗粒物的调控机制，科学筛选绿地最佳配置模式，可为干旱区绿洲城市生态文明建设与居民福祉改善提供支撑。.本项目面向极端干旱环境和快速城市化双重压力下绿洲城市面临的环境挑战与现实问题，将干旱区典型绿洲城市——乌鲁木齐市为研究靶区，以不同绿地配置结构与大气颗粒物相互作用为研究主线，使用大气颗粒物检测仪、便携式气象站、叶面积测定仪、空气负离子检测仪、花粉捕捉仪、降尘收集仪、物候观测相机、扫描电镜等设备仪器，结合室内测试(原子吸收分光光度计、高精度电子显微镜、激光粒度仪等)，获取了主要乔灌木的叶片滞尘量、叶面形态参数、叶面尘重金属含量、粒度分布、生理生态参数、PM2.5/PM10/TSP“年-月-日-时”浓度以及温度、湿度、风速风向等数据。采用地学统计、GIS与遥感分析、问卷调查法、历史回顾/资料收集法、利益相关者对话等方法手段，分析不同植被类型(乔/灌/草，阔叶/针叶树)对大气颗粒物的调节能力，量化了城市不同功能区不同树种叶片特性、不同配置结构对大气颗粒物的削减作用。借助遥感反演手段，评估了不同绿地类型对大气颗粒物的清除量，估算了城市绿地生态系统服务价值，初步阐明环境因素(气候、地形)及植物自身特征对不同绿地类型调节颗粒物浓度的影响机制，确定了最佳绿地配置模式，为干旱区城市绿化树种选配提供理论指导和实践参考。依托本项目，已发表论文36篇(其中SCI/EI论文11篇），作报告13次，参加学术会议30余人次，培养博士生5名、硕士生13名，获批新项目2项，派出4名博士生赴德国研修一年，圆满完成了项目各项任务。