横断山区偶蹄类动物受人为干扰的影响及其生态适应

The areas of Yunnan Hengduan Mountains are in a biodiversity hotspot. There are also multiple ethnics living in the areas, with a great cultural diversity. Local communities still rely heavily on natural resources for their livelihoods, and their cultural traditions and practices have evolved to produce anthropogenic disturbances on wildlife. Study on the wildlife distribution patterns in relation to anthropogenic disturbances at multiple ethnic settlements are better to learn the links between biodiversity and cultural diversity. The proposal is designed to study the distribution pattern of an ungulate community related to anthropogenic disturbances at 4 separated nature reserve adjacent to 5 different ethnic groups. By using line transect, camera trapping survey as well as household survey, we try to assess the impacts of the anthropogenic disturbances on an ungulate community across the study areas, and to learn the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of the ungulate community in relation to the anthropogenic disturbances. Our goals are to identify the key factors affect ungulate diversity and distribution, and to learn the ecological adaption mechanisms of a disturbed ungulate community. Such information can help address ungulate conservation and management strategies.

云南横断山区为生物多样性热点区，同时也是多个少数民族的聚居区，具有生物多样性和民族文化多样性双重特征。地处偏远山区的少数民族居民生产力落后，对自然资源的依赖性强，且不同民族对自然资源的利用方式存在差异，对野生动物产生的干扰压力也可能有所差别，因而影响野生动物的空间分布。研究不同民族聚居区周边人为干扰及野生动物的分布格局有助于理解民族文化多样性与生物多样性之间的关系。本研究拟选定云南横断山区5个少数民族聚居区作为研究区域，通过访问调查、相机陷阱及样线（方）调查，比较分析各研究区偶蹄类动物所受干扰压力及其时空规律；并通过量化各调查区内的干扰类型及强度，结合偶蹄类动物物种拍照率、分布/出现概率、活动规律及样线痕迹遇见率，分析偶蹄类动物对干扰压力的生态适应，揭示影响偶蹄类动物物种多样性、空间分布格局及行为活动规律的关键因子，为野生动物与自然资源保护及保护区管理成效评估、合理规划提供理论依据。

横断山区为全球生物多样性热点区之一，同时也是生态脆弱区，区域内的生物多样性面临着不同形式和程度的人为干扰。本项目旨在探究横断山区偶蹄类动物多样性及其对人类活动的响应。项目获得立项后，项目团队严格按照项目申报书的研究任务和工作计划开展实施，顺利完成既定的研究任务和科学目标。项目期内布设野生动物调查红外相机291台，获得野生动物独立有效照片11285张，人类活动独立有效照片868张。基于调查数据，估计高黎贡羚牛种群数量约为1000头，面临的主要人为干扰为林下资源采集；对比分析横断山区不同景观大中型兽类多样性与分布，发现干热河谷区具有独特、多样性的哺乳动物物种多样性，在区域生物多样性保护中具有重要作用，各类景观都面临放牧等人为干扰；藏族神山偶蹄类动物多样性显著高于非神山保护区，说明宗教意义的圣山在野生动物保护中具有重要作用。研究发现，放牧、采集、道路等人为干扰显著影响偶蹄类动物的物种多样性与时空分布格局。已发表该项目资助的加注SCI论文4篇。