基于生理测度的驾驶人拥堵压力感知及风险行为调控方法研究

Traffic congestion not only leads to time loss, resource waste, and environment pollution, but also increases driver’s physiological pressure, and then induces risky driving behaviors. In view of such issue, the objective of this program is to explore the causes of risky emotion and behavior for drivers stressed by traffic congestion through measuring their physiological variations, and then to conceive corresponding approaches for regulation and control. This will be of great importance in improving road traffic safety performance. This current program attempts to survey the physiology, psychology, and behavior of drivers under traffic congestion pressure via the field and simulation measurements. By combining those subjective and objective parameters obtained from the investigations, a novel method is proposed to classify the state of traffic congestion on the basis of driver’s experience. The survey data and multidisciplinary theory are utilized to develop the Agent and PSR models for drivers stressed by different states of traffic congestion, in order to uncover the formation mechanism of risky driving behavior under the regular congestion situation. In the meantime, aiming at the physiological status and behavior characteristics of drivers stressed by traffic congestion, the concepts of stimulus-response and human factors are introduced to establish the method base for regulating and controlling the risky driving behavior. The findings of the present research provide a theoretical basis for enacting scientific management schemes under the regular traffic congestion. The implementation plan for this study is workable and will achieve some valuable findings, since the research team has the essential foundation, in terms of instruments and equipments, experimental condition and experience, competent researchers, abundant data, and theoretical knowledge.

道路交通拥堵不仅会导致时间损失、资源浪费和环境污染，还会增加驾驶人的生理压力，进而诱发风险性驾驶行为。因此，从生理测度方面深入研究拥堵压力下驾驶人不良情绪和行为的致因，并提出相应的调控方法，对提高交通安全水平具有重要意义。项目采用现场与模拟相结合的手段开展拥堵压力下驾驶人生理、心理和行为测试，并融合主观和客观参数提出基于驾驶人感受的拥堵状态划分方法，以调查数据为基础和多学科交叉理论为关键，构建拥堵压力下驾驶人的Agent和PSR模型，以揭示常态拥堵下风险性驾驶行为的形成机理。同时引入刺激反应和人因工程理念，以拥堵压力下驾驶人的生理状态及行为表征为参照，构建出风险性驾驶行为的调控方法库。研究成果可为制定拥堵常态下科学的管理方案提供较好的理论支撑。项目组具备开展研究所需的仪器设备、实验条件和人员基础，数据资料储备及外协条件较为充分，理论方法和测试手段可靠，研究成果将具有较好的可行性及应用价值。

道路交通拥堵不仅会导致时间损失、资源浪费和环境污染，还会增加驾驶人的生理压力，进而诱发风险性驾驶行为。因此，从生理测度方面深入研究拥堵压力下驾驶人不良情绪和行为的致因，并提出相应的调控方法，对提高交通安全水平具有重要意义。项目采用现场与模拟相结合的手段开展拥堵压力下驾驶人生理、心理和行为测试，并融合主观和客观参数提出基于驾驶人感受的拥堵状态划分方法，以调查数据为基础和多学科交叉理论为关键，构建拥堵压力下驾驶人的Agent和PSR模型，以揭示常态拥堵下风险性驾驶行为的形成机理；项目研究过程中重点关注了典型的驾驶群体，例如出租车驾驶人、公交车驾驶人和骑行者，并揭示风险行为形成过程和致因，对我国驾校的教学和训练方法进行了研究，提出了较系统的改善措施。同时，引入刺激反应和人因工程理念，以拥堵压力下驾驶人的生理状态及行为表征为参照，构建出了风险性驾驶行为的调控方法库，重点研究了法制、关怀、培训、药物和音乐等措施。研究成果可为制定拥堵常态下科学的管理方案提供较好的参考依据。项目组在本项目研究中形成的驾驶人风险行为量表测试方法、模拟和实测背景下驾驶人的生理指标测试方案、驾驶人表征指标的统计分析和模型构建方法、驾驶人风险行为干预和调控方法等可以为我国的驾驶人管理提供一定的理论支撑。