东亚近代英国租界与居留地的规划与建设比较研究

The concessions and settlements are the key stronghold developed by the colonialist in order to exploit the overseas market for the further colonization. Among the concessions and settlements worldwide, the British concessions and settlements are the most planned, systematic, and influential with the largest scale, which even affect other foreign concessions, settlements and local cities. For a long period, the research in this field is limited because of the lack of archives. Based on the firsthand archives of domestic and overseas, this project analyzes the planning and construction of the British concessions and settlements systematically from the aspects of planning and design, institutional development, construction process, construction technology, technicians and architectural styles, to explore their urban development process synthetically. Besides, the different monographic studies of cross-cultural and cross-regional help to research the constitute factors, universalities and individualities of the British concessions and settlements of East Asia. Moreover, this research represents and interprets the authenticity of the construction and development in the British concessions and settlements of modern East Asia from both of texts and images, and explores the methodology of digital heritage visualization through the synthesis of GIS, temporal data and images. It will promote the comparative study of East Asian architectural history, as well as the conservation and reuse of the concessions and settlements heritages, including the application of the World Heritage Sites.

东亚租界和居留地是殖民主义者开拓海外市场进而殖民的重要据点，英国的租界和居留地建设是各国租界和居留地中规模最大、最有计划、最成体系和最具影响力的，甚至影响了其他国家的租界与居留地及当地城市。长期以来其研究受到档案的局限，近几十年英国陆续公开的大量档案为进一步深入研究提供了有利条件。本课题基于国内外第一手档案，系统解读东亚英国租界与居留地的规划与建设，从规划设计、制度变迁、建设过程、建造技术、技师群体、建筑样式等多方面综合研究其城市发展历程；并针对不同专题进行跨文化和跨地域的比较研究，探讨东亚英租界与居留地的构成因素、共性和特殊性。同时本研究将GIS空间信息、时态数据与图像结合，利用现代技术手段整合历史图像、历史地图等信息，探讨其数字遗产可视化的途径，从文本和图像两方面还原和阐释东亚近代英租界与居留地建设发展的真实性。课题可促进东亚近代建筑史比较研究、租界与居留地申遗等遗产保护利用。

本项目基于中、英、日、韩、法等国大量一手档案和实地考察，利用GIS技术将城市建设图档资料转化为可视化的空间信息与时态数据，对1840-1950年间东亚英国租界、居留地及相关口岸的规划史、制度史、建设史、技术史、风格史、城市史展开比较研究。项目厘清租界与居留地同时受到外界植入和本土探索影响下的城市近代化传播路径，梳理近代各英国租界口岸所遵循的空间规律、管理体系的异同。立足于建筑学基础，运用文化遗产学、社会学、人类学等交叉学科的研究方法，研究英国派遣海外的人员流动、技术的传播与移植，揭示东亚英系租界口岸的建设模式、城市近代化机制，并以国际比较的视点剖析体系内部的共性与差异。为中国乃至东亚近代建成遗产的历史脉络研究、价值评估、保护更新提供真实与全面的科学基础和研究依据。此外，本项目将GIS空间信息、时代数据与图像相结合，建立了建立“色彩天津”历史地理信息展示平台、“天津文化遗产智能导游信息系统手机APP项目”等全周期的开放性数据库和遗产展示平台，将基础研究推广至应用实践，提高了数据泛用性，成果亦可被借鉴、推广至其他租界口岸城市，为近代历史文化街区、遗产旅游提供实践支持。