无机粒子-纳米碳复合材料的组装及其对稀土元素的分离与富集

Carbon nanomaterials have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in adsorption. Aimed at the practical problems in adsorption, separation and purification of rare earth elements, we try to graft organic molecules which contain special functional groups onto carbon nanomaterials, and the adsorptive selectivities of the adsorbents are to be improved. Simultaneously, the in-situ growth of inorganic particles on the surface of carbon nanomaterials is to be carried out, and novel inorganic particle-carbon nanomaterial composites are assembled. The structures and morphologies of the composites are regulated by optimizing the reaction conditions, and therefore their adsorption and desorption properties could be controlled. The adsorption and separation of single or mixed rare earth elements are to be carried out, and the adsorption dynamics, thermodynamics and adsorption isotherms are to be deeply studied. The adsorption rules of the chemical compositions, structures and morphologies of the adsorbents and their selective adsorption properties are to be explored. The interactions between the chemical/physical properties of the adsorbents and their adsorption properties are to be elaborated. Novel models of the adsorbents with high efficiency, good selectivity, stable physical and chemical properties are to be constructed. The research process of rare earth elements separation and purification is to be promoted.

作为新型吸附材料之一，纳米碳备受广大研究人员的关注。本项目针对稀土元素吸附分离纯化中的实际问题，利用含特殊官能团的有机分子修饰纳米碳，提高其选择性吸附性能。同时在其表面原位生长无机粒子，构建并组装新型无机粒子-纳米碳复合材料，优化条件调控其结构形态，从而改变其吸附和解吸性能。研究复合材料对单一稀土元素及混合稀土的吸附能力，探讨吸附动力学、热力学及吸附等温线，深入分析材料化学组成、结构形态等与其选择性吸附的规律，找到材料组成与其吸附性能之间的关联性，阐明材料特性与吸附作用的规律与机制。尝试构建高效、选择性好、理化性质稳定的新型吸附剂材料模型，推动稀土元素分离纯化的研究进程。

项目针对基于碳纳米管和石墨烯的复合材料构筑开展研究，以富氧（羟基、羧基）及富氮（氨基）分子修饰氧化石墨烯或碳纳米管，或与二者分别进行自组装，制备了系列基于氧化石墨烯或碳纳米管的复合材料，表征了复合材料的结构和化学组成。深入探究了组装的3D纳米碳复合材料或极性分子偶联纳米碳复合材料对稀土元素/金属离子/有机物的吸附性能；以吸附效能、吸附选择性、稳定性、可回收性能、力学性能等为参考指标，优化了复合材料的制备条件，同时优化了影响复合材料吸附/脱附的条件参数。探讨了复合材料的吸附动力学、热力学及吸附等温线，解析了材料化学组成、结构形态等与其选择性吸附的规律，分析了材料组成与其吸附性能之间的关联性，阐明了纳米碳基复合材料特性与其吸附性能之间的规律与机制，为将来构筑吸附性能优异、可用于稀土离子选择性吸附的材料提供了有用参考。初步考察了掺杂稀土的复合材料制备及其电化学识别、光催化降解性能。