轻型汽油车实际道路黑碳排放特征研究

Vehicle emissions have become the important source of fine particles in the large- and medium-size cities in China. Among the key components of vehicle emissions, black carbon (BC) has not only adverse effects on air quality and human health, but also significant climate forcing impacts. In present researches, large uncertainties in BC emissions are seen from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs), the variation could be even two orders of magnitude. Aiming at the significant discrepancy, this study will develop a novel method using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) to achieve the continuous monitoring of BC emissions from LDGVs. The real-world measurement will be conducted in the city of China, the impacts of emission control technology, driving conditions, travel behavior and ambient temperature on BC instantaneous emissions will be characterized. GPS-based vehicle activity data survey will be conducted to analytically characterize vehicle trip chain profile, including vehicle operation phase and resting phase. Simulation tools will be developed for profiling fleet trip chain characteristics, thus facilitate our comprehensive analysis of BC emission from LDGV fleet under real world trip chain patterns. This study will provide the first-hand data and useful suggestions for precisely evaluating BC emissions from the LDGV fleet and establishing regional BC emission inventories.

机动车排放已经成为中国大中城市细颗粒物的重要来源。在交通源排放的关键组分中，黑碳（BC）不仅对空气质量和人体健康影响显著，并且具有强烈的气候变化效应。目前国际上有关轻型汽油车BC排放的测试结果存在较大不确定性，差异甚至达到两个数量级。针对这一问题，本研究选择城市中典型技术的轻型汽油车为研究对象，开发具备高精度便携式稀释功能和逐秒BC测量功能的新型车载排放测试系统；在典型城市开展实际道路排放测试，深入分析控制技术、交通状况、停车时间和环境温度等关键因素对轻型汽油车BC排放逐秒瞬态的影响规律；开展基于车载GPS技术的用户出行数据调研，定量解析车辆实际使用过程中的启停、运行特征，并建立针对BC排放研究的出行链数据分析方法；基于单车出行链调研和车队出行规律随机模拟的方式，系统研究轻型车BC实际道路环境下的排放特征，为正确评估汽油车车队BC排放水平和建立区域BC排放清单提供重要的科学依据。

申请人针对以往研究中轻型车黑碳（BC）排放的测量结果存在极大不确定性这一问题开展了系统研究。课题组根据项目申报书所拟的计划开展研究工作，进行了不同原理BC测量设备的同步对比测试，建立了质控良好的新型轻型车车载测试系统；开展了轻型汽油车台架测试和实际道路车载测试，揭示了轻型汽油车基于发动机技术、运行工况和环境温度等因素的BC排放规律；在典型城市进行了单车出行调查，构建了反映启停时长和微观工况等因素的出行链特征；完善了基于单车出行链的轻型汽油车BC排放因子，系统分析了基于路网的轻型汽油车BC排放特征。在本项目的资助下，共申请发明专利1项，发表了期刊论文5篇，接收1篇，其中SCI论文5篇，接收SCI论文1篇，并培养博士生2名。申请人将针对车载诊断系统（OBD）的发动机参数和汽油车BC排放之间的定量响应关系这一难点，进一步研究汽油车BC的排放特征，为我国今后更严格的汽油车颗粒物排放控制提供科学依据。