层状磷酸盐的性能调控和固体润滑应用性研究

With the rapid development of transportation, aerospace and other industries, lubrication is needed under harsh conditions, such as heavy-duty, high-speed, strong shock, etc. Molybdenum disulfide has a lamellar structure, which is essential to select solid lubricant in the harsh lubrication conditions. Due to the scarcity of molybdenum resources and easily oxidized failure, it is an issue of significance to search alternatives for molybdenum disulfide. From the characteristics of the crystal structure, previous research investigated the solid lubrication properties of layered phosphate, which have oxidation resistance and resources are relatively easy to get. Experimental results showed that layered phosphate as additive in lithium grease significantly improve the grease load-carrying capacity and anti-wear performance, as compared to the lubricating properties of MoS2.. This project plans to synthesis layered phosphates with consisting of different element between layers by cation exchange method. Through adjusting the synthesis conditions, different particle size and uniform distribution of materials will be obtained. Adding the layered phosphates to different types of base grease, solid lubricating properties will be evaluate by changing the forms of contact and motion of the friction pairs.. In comparison with the same conditions of molybdenum disulfide, the applicability of the layered phosphate will be recognized systematically. Investigation on the synergistic effects of layered phosphates and extreme pressure antiwear additive, and so on which are present in the lubricating grease will be carried out, thus providing fundamental data and theoretical support for practical application of the layered phosphates as solid lubricant.

伴随着交通运输、航空航天等行业的快速发展，带来了重载、高速、强冲击等苛刻条件下的润滑需求。具有层状晶体结构的固体润滑剂二硫化钼是苛刻条件下润滑的必备选择，但存在钼资源稀缺、易氧化失效的缺点。因此，寻找二硫化钼的替代品是一个重要的课题。从晶体结构特点出发，前期研究考察了耐氧化、资源比较易得的层状磷酸盐的固体润滑性质。实验证明，层状磷酸盐的承载力和抗磨能力在锂基脂中优于二硫化钼。本项目计划以阳离子交换的方法，合成层间元素组成不同的层状磷酸盐；调控合成条件，制备不同粒径尺寸且分布均匀的材料。添加层状磷酸盐到不同种类基础脂中，变化被保护工件的接触方式和运动形式的方法，评价层状磷酸盐的固体润滑性质。在同等条件下与二硫化钼对比，系统认识层状磷酸盐的润滑适用性。通过与极压剂等其它润滑脂添加剂复配，寻找层状磷酸盐应用的配伍体系。为层状磷酸盐作为固体润滑剂使用提供基础数据和理论支持。

伴随着交通运输、航空航天等行业的快速发展，带来了重载、高速、强冲击等苛刻工况下润滑剂的需求，层状固体润滑剂二硫化钼是苛刻条件下润滑的必备选择，但存在钼资源稀缺、易氧化失效的缺点，因此寻找二硫化钼的替代品是一个重要的课题。本项目以获得性能优良的固体润滑剂为目的，通过调控合成条件和元素组成，获得了粒径均匀、尺寸在纳米至微米可调的层状磷酸盐材料；研究了不同类型润滑脂、摩擦副运动形式对层状磷酸盐材料固体润滑性质的影响，并在相同摩擦试验条件下与二硫化钼对比，系统认识层状磷酸盐材料的润滑适用性；针对可能的应用工况，与极压剂等其它润滑脂添加剂复配，探索了层状磷酸盐应用的配伍体系。研究成果获得了层状磷酸盐材料作为固体润滑剂的基础规律，以及晶体结构组成、原子配位关系与材料摩擦学特性之间的联系，为实际应用提供了理论和基础数据的支撑，主要结论如下：. （1）层状磷酸盐材料作为固体润滑剂，能够显著提高润滑脂的承载能力和抗磨损性能。. （2）层状磷酸盐材料的润滑作用原理是能够在被保护工件（摩擦副）表面形成保护性膜，进而有效地提高了润滑脂的承载力和抗磨损性能。. （3）构建了层状化合物晶体结构与承载力之间的关联，研究发现，具有褶皱层板的层状化合物能够承受更高的载荷、表现出优良的抗磨性能，照此原则筛选出资源丰富、性价比高的新型固体润滑剂层状磷酸钾镁和层状磷酸钾钙。. （4）层状磷酸盐材料与有机极压剂复配作为极压添加剂，有优良的承载力和抗磨性能，烧结负荷增效性不如二硫化钼。