睡眠-觉醒异常对操作性行为的影响及其神经机制研究

Sleep is one of the most fundamental life processes, which plays an important role in the regulation of brain function, such as memory consolidation, emotion regulation and cognitive function maintenance. In recent years, the incidence of sleep-wake abnormality is increasing. Long-term lack of sleep can cause memory impairment, learning ability decline and executive dysfunction. Instrumental behavior is a kind of behavior change caused by stimuli, which is an important way for individuals to obtain new learned behaviors. It helps individuals accumulate experience and reduce errors and is crucial to the survival and development. The balance between the two systems regulating instrumental behaviors - goal-directed and habitual action - may help individuals to adapt the complex environment. The abnormal balance will cause impulsive and compulsive behaviors, leading to obsessive-compulsive disorder, drug abuse, obesity and other chronic diseases caused by bad habits and lifestyles. At present, the effects of sleep -wake abnormality on instrumental behavior are still unclear. Therefore, in the present project, we will use multiple tools, including behavior detection, neuroimaging techniques, in vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics, and combine the animal and human studies to elucidate the effects of sleep-wake abnormality on instrumental behavior and underlying neural mechanisms. The results will be helpful to further understand the physiological function of sleep and to guide the learning and decision making behaviors in our daily life.

睡眠作为最基本的生命过程之一，对大脑功能起着重要的调控作用，如记忆巩固、情绪调节和认知功能的维持等。近年来睡眠-觉醒异常的发生率日益增加，长期睡眠缺乏会引起记忆损害、学习能力下降和执行功能障碍。操作性行为是一种由刺激引起的行为改变，是个体获得新习得行为的重要学习方式，使得个体实现经验的积累和错误的降低，对个体的生存及发展至关重要。调节操作性行为的两个系统——目标导向和习惯化系统之间的平衡利于个体适应复杂的环境。该平衡异常将造成行为的冲动性和强迫性，导致强迫症、药物滥用、肥胖症及其他由于不良习惯及生活方式所导致的慢性疾病。目前睡眠-觉醒异常对操作性行为的影响尚不清楚。因此，本项目拟通过行为学检测、神经影像学技术、在体多通道记录以及光遗传技术等，结合人体和动物实验，探索睡眠-觉醒异常对操作性行为的影响及其神经机制，研究结果将有助于深入了解睡眠的生理功能并指导我们的日常学习和决策行为。

睡眠障碍的发生已经严重影响现代人的生活质量，同时睡眠障碍也会影响人的认知水平。本实验研究主要采用行为学、影像学等技术研究睡眠异常对操作性行为的影响及机制。主要研究内容包括：1）明确睡眠剥夺对操作式学习的影响及其神经机制；2）探索睡眠剥夺对大脑静息功能及脑网络的影响；3）阐释睡眠中线索暴露对决策的影响及其神经机制；4）探讨睡眠时间对中老年人抑郁和认知功能的影响；5）阐明睡眠剥夺对前额叶皮质局部微环路的影响。研究按计划顺利完成。项目执行期间发表SCI论文9篇。研究成果对于理解睡眠结构异常对学习记忆及行为认知的影响具有一定的科学意义。