聚落生态位与农户生计视角下岷江上游聚落空间演进与调控

Along with the development of new countryside construction and urbanization of China,the spatial evolution of rural settlements has increasingly become one of research focus of rural geography. Because of ecological problems and poverty pressures intertwined with each other in mountain areas,the space reconstruction of rural settlements must be solved in order to realize sustainable development.Niche theory can better reflect the continuous change of settlement ecological relationships, and the change of farmer household livelihoods is an important power promoting the evolution of rural man-land system.It will be an effective method to study spatial evolution mechanism and regulation of mountain settlements from the composite perspective of settlement niche and farmer livelihood.Through a case study of Li county of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, this study attaches importance to the characteristic of settlement complex system composed by natural,social and economical components,and makes comprehensive use of various methods of RS,GIS,sampling investigation,and mathematical models to unite farmer livelihood,settlement niche and settlement spatial evloution process. Firstly,the research is trying to quantitatively measure the spatial pattern and its evolution process of rural settlements,and to perform a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of settlement niche and farmer household livelihoods,and the spatial correlations between them.Secondly,the mechanism of settlement spatial evolution driven by settlement niche and famer livelihoods is simulated and revealed. Finally,the appropriate ways and patterns of settlement space reconstruction are put forward based on the above researches.The results should not only provide the policy-making references for new countryside construction,poverty reduction,and ecological restoration of mountain areas,and are also helpful to develop the theory and method of settlement evolution and space reconstruction,and extend the visual field of rural geography study.

随着我国新农村建设和城镇化不断推进，聚落空间演进日益成为乡村地理学界的焦点命题之一。山区因生态问题和贫困压力相互交织，区域可持续发展必须解决聚落空间重构问题。生态位理论能较好反映聚落生态空间关系的持续变动，而农户生计变化则是农村人地系统演化的重要动力。从聚落生态位与农户生计复合视角探讨山区聚落空间演进机理与调控是一条有效途径。项目以岷江上游理县为例，着眼于农村聚落自然-社会-经济复合系统特征，集成应用遥感、GIS、抽样调查和数学模型，将微观农户生计、中观聚落生态位及宏观聚落空间演进过程有机衔接起来，试图定量测度聚落空间演进过程，综合分析聚落生态位演变与农户生计演替及其空间关联，模拟揭示聚落生态位与农户生计驱动的聚落空间演进机理，以期凝练出聚落空间调控途径与模式。研究不仅能为山区新农村建设、减贫及生态恢复提供决策参考，且有助于发展聚落演进及重构的理论和方法，拓展乡村地理学的研究视野。