同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂的甲烷减排效应及其作用机制

Rumen is an important place to produce methane gas which strongly contributes to climate warming, and rumen produced methane is the main reason for the energy loss of ruminant feed. Therefore, under the premise of not affecting the performance of rumen fermentation, controlling rumen methane production can achieve the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improve the performance of ruminant production. Aiming at the rumen ecological barrier problem affecting the regulatory effects of methane emissions, on the basis of the preliminary studies, this project will develop a homology rumen microecological regulation agent and use the homologous attribute of the rumen origin microflora to overcome the ecological barrier in rumen, achieving effective regulation and control of rumen micro-ecological system to reduce rumen methane production. This project will reveal the microbiological mechanism and anaerobic fermentation mechanism of the homology microecological agent for rumen methane emission reduction through the structure and function analysis of rumen microflora in the role of regulation agent, and through multi-factor coupling and correlation analysis, the regulation model of the homology microcological control agent will be established, which will lay the theoretical foundation for new ruminant methane emission reduction technology prototypes and the technological foundation for the development and improvement of new regulation agents of ruminal methanogenesis.

瘤胃是强烈致暖气体甲烷的重要来源，瘤胃产生甲烷也是反刍动物饲料能损失的主要原因，在不影响瘤胃发酵性能的前提下，控制瘤胃甲烷生成可达到减排温室气体和提高反刍动物生产性能的双重功效。本项目针对影响甲烷调控效果的瘤胃生态屏障问题，在前期研究的基础上，研制同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂，利用低甲烷活性瘤胃原籍菌群的同源属性克服瘤胃生态屏障，对牛瘤胃微生态系统进行有效调控，降低瘤胃甲烷产量，并通过调控剂作用下的瘤胃菌群结构与功能分析以及瘤胃发酵性能研究，揭示同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂甲烷减排的微生物学机制和厌氧发酵机制，再通过多因素耦合和相关性分析，构建同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂的调控模型，为新的反刍动物甲烷减排技术原型奠定理论基础，为新型瘤胃甲烷调控剂的研制和完善奠定技术基础。

瘤胃是强烈致暖气体甲烷的重要来源，瘤胃产生甲烷也是反刍动物饲料能损失的主要原因，在不影响瘤胃发酵性能的前提下，控制瘤胃甲烷生成可达到减排温室气体和提高反刍动物生产性能的双重功效。为改善瘤胃甲烷调控效果，本项目开展了同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂研制、同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂的甲烷减排效应及其微生物学和厌氧发酵机制研究。获得如下重要结果：1）制备了一种肉桂油+博落回提取物混悬液复合制剂，研究确定了其使用剂量，在合适的剂量下可使瘤胃体外培养物的甲烷产量下降40%以上；2）使用肉桂油+博落回提取物混悬液选育了低甲烷化瘤胃原籍菌群，利用混悬液与原籍菌群复配了一种兼具降甲烷和改善发酵双重功效的同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂；3）在推荐剂量下，同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂可使黄牛活体瘤胃的甲烷排放量下降20%以上；4）同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂显著提高了瘤胃细菌的多样性和丰富度，同时大大降低了甲烷菌的丰度，简化了其菌群结构，丰富的细菌和简化的甲烷菌奠定了甲烷减排的微生物基础；5）同源性瘤胃微生态调控剂显著提高了瘤胃丙酸的产量，大幅降低了乙酸/丙酸比值，从而打通了低甲烷厌氧发酵途径。