织构化金属表面固体润滑膜与微纳粒子耦合的摩擦学增强效应及机理

Based on the lubrication design ideology of synergistic enhancement effects on friction reduction, the project proposes the idea combining the lubricating effects attributed to the surface texture, solid lubricating film and micro-nano particles to realize the integration of oil lubrication, solid lubrication, micro-nano lubrication and texture lubrication, which focuses on the difficult issue about the failure of the key mechanical components due to rapidly severe friction and wear and aims to prolong the service life and improve the safe reliability of the machine. The nonlinear correlations between the tribological behaviors and the multiple factors including the surface texture, solid lubricating film and micro-nano particles for various working conditions will be investigated. The interactions between the structure and nature of solid lubricating film, the geometric parameters of surface texture, and the physicochemical nature and scale parameters of micro-nano particles will be clarified. The structure-activity relationships for the factors mentioned above and the corresponding tribological behaviors will be analyzed as well as the thermaldynamic and kinetic regularities. Finally, the mechanisms for reducing friction and wear and improving lubricating ability will be disclosed and the theoretical model for the synergistic friction-reduction effects induced by the combination of the factors including the surface texture, solid lubrication and micro-nano lubrication. The project shows the intercross and coalescence among the subjects of materials science, surface engineering and tribology, as to provide the theoretical and technological supports for the non-disintergration restoration and the service life extension of the worn key mechanical components.

针对机械关键零部件因摩擦磨损导致的快速失效难题，以提高其使用寿命和安全可靠性为目标，基于多因素协同增强减摩润滑设计思想，在油润滑条件下，将表面织构、固体润滑膜和微纳颗粒润滑技术复合，实现油润滑、固体润滑、微纳米润滑和织构润滑的集成。研究不同工况下，摩擦学行为与包含表面织构、固体润滑膜和微纳颗粒的多因素之间的非线性关联，澄清固体润滑膜结构性质、表面织构几何参量和微纳颗粒理化特性及尺度参数之间的交互作用，解析其在多种摩擦工况下的构效演变及其热力学和动力学规律，揭示多因素协同作用下的减摩抗磨和润滑机理，建立包含织构效应、固体润滑效应及微纳润滑效应的协同减摩理论模型。本项目体现了材料学、表面工程和摩擦学的交叉与融合，为实现机械磨损关键零部件的不解体修复和延寿提供理论和技术支持。

基于装备在日益苛刻服役工况下摩擦磨损防护的需求，本项目致力于金属摩擦界面油润滑、织构润滑、微纳粒子润滑及薄膜润滑多元润滑设计基础研究。采用脉冲激光加工技术优化制备了圆形织构，结合摩擦学性能评价优化了其结构参数；以羟基硅酸镁和纳米铜为主要原料，制备了微纳米润滑添加剂，系统研究了结构及理化特性，澄清了热力学相变及结构演化机制，在甲苯介质改性的基础上，研发了油基“细化-改性-分散”一体化方法与工艺，提出了表面改性与稳定分散的物理化学机制，结合摩擦学性能的系统评价及磨损表面表征，揭示了微纳米颗粒在摩擦表面诱发成膜并实现减摩抗磨的机理；研究了织构化MoS2和TiN固体润滑膜在干摩擦及油润滑工况下的摩擦学行为，提出了表面织构、MoS2或TiN和油溶性纳米铜或微纳米羟基硅酸镁之间的摩擦学正协同作用及机制；利用超音速微粒轰击结合辉光离子氮化技术，制备了微纳织构化梯度纳米结构TiN固体润滑层并对其组织结构进行了系统表征，探讨了其在干摩擦及油润滑条件下的摩擦学行为，尤其是与微纳米羟基硅酸镁润滑添加剂及纳米铜之间的摩擦学协同效应，并基于磨损表面的分析表征及润滑层的结构和理化特性探讨了其间的正协同作用机理模型。本项目的研究内容及结果能够为金属摩擦副表面多元润滑设计理论与技术研发及苛刻工况下的延寿防护设计提供理论和技术支持。