喜马拉雅山脉中段南翼吉隆－聂拉木区旅游环境容量研究

The study area of this project, Gyrong-Nyalam mountainous region, is located in the south limb of middle Himalaya mountains, which had marvelous natural landscapes of southern limb of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and original ecological human landscape, protruding underdeveloped economy and poverty problems as well as acute land resources and population carrying contradiction. By 3S technology, spatial analysis, correlation analysis, vulnerability assessment, model simulation and other pertinent technologies, explains the structure of man-land system, to reveal the process and mechanism of mountain environment and tourism activities. It analyzes multivariate correlation and spatial connection of the correlative indexes (mountainous natural environment, production and life style, human landscape pattern, tourism activities intensity) corresponded to four kinds of elements (nature, economy, human, tourism) which restrict the tourism environment capacity. It constructs a set of tourism environment capacity index system reflecting mountain human-region system structure. By contrasting the environment capacity modeling methodology, it establishes a set of "environment-tourism" capacity composite model suitable for multiple disturbance background mountain system, gives out model simulation verifying and calculates the value of tourism activity scale. Finally, establishes the spatial hierachical order of tourism environment capacity, to visually express the spatial pattern of tourism environment capacity. Then it evaluates the tourism sustainable development ability, and finally supplies theoretic and methodology support for the development of tourism industry of middle Himalaya mountainous area.

吉隆-聂拉木山地位于喜马拉雅山脉中段南翼，青藏高原南斜面的壮阔自然景观和少数民族原生态人文景观并存，经济欠发达和贫困问题突出，土地资源与人口承载矛盾尖锐。本项目利用3S技术、空间分析、相关性分析、脆弱性评价、模型模拟及其他技术方法，解析研究区人文-地域系统结构，揭示山地环境与旅游活动的作用过程和机制。对制约旅游环境容量的四类要素(自然要素、经济要素、文化要素、旅游要素)及对应的相关因子（山地自然环境、生产生活方式、人文景观格局、旅游活动强度），进行多元分析和空间关系分析，构建反映山地人地关系结构的指标体系。通过环境容量建模方法比较研究，建立一套适应山地多重扰动背景的"环境-旅游"容量复合模型，并进行模型验证和旅游活动规模量值测算。建立旅游环境容量空间等级序列，进行旅游环境容量空间格局可视化，评价旅游可持续发展能力，为中喜马拉雅山区旅游产业发展提供理论和方法支持。

研究围绕在保持吉隆山地人地系统不受损坏前提下，如何确定适宜的旅游活动空间规模，测算旅游环境容量这一核心目标，系统地分析了研究区旅游环境要素的空间关系，摸索出了一套旅游生态环境容量计算体系和旅游空间分布映射方法。运用该方法测算出吉隆山地旅游生态环境容量为6786.2882hm2，人均0.4102hm2。海拔3800-4800m高山灌丛草甸草毡土带的旅游活动承载能力最强，人均可利用旅游生态生产性土地面积0.2795 hm2。其后依次为海拔2500-3800m山地针叶林综壤带人均0.0985 hm2，海拔4800-5200m高山草甸草毡土带人均0.0308 hm2，海拔1440-2500m针阔混交林棕壤带0.0013 hm2。海拔5200m以上无旅游活动承载能力。研究结果对吉隆旅游产业布局具有重要意义，也对西藏边境地带生态脆弱、环境复杂山地的经济社会可持续发展提供了决策依据。