通航河流水库水沙联合优化调度研究

Sediment movement characteristics of reservoir on navigable rivers are closely related to scheduling mode, directly impacting on the life and comprehensive benefits of reservoir, which is difficult to be measured by traditional optimal scheduling method. This study focused on the key problem of the complex response between sedimentation with dispatching mode and reservoir benefits. First, the shaping process and effect of key factors on the equilibrium profile will be analyzed, and the driving mechanism of the reservoir equilibrium profile under the variation of water and sediment will be revealed, based on the experiment of variable slope glass flume. Second, the inter feeding model of sediment movement, navigation obstacle characteristics and dispatching modes will be expounded, and the quantitative relationship between navigation obstacle factors and scheduling methods will be established for different types of navigation channel, based on the model test of typical river reach. Third, this study will establish a sediment scheduling index system and construct the joint optimal scheduling model of water- sediment of the navigable river reservoir, and then a method to determine the threshold of sediment scheduling factor and a fast solution technique for sediment scheduling model will be proposed, by the intersection of water-sediment dynamics and operational research. On the basis of the above, the reservoir water-sediment joint operation will be realized. The expected results can not only provide a theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources, but also have an important value for improving the basic theory of reservoir sediment and promoting the development of water conservancy discipline.

通航河流水库泥沙运动特性与调度方式密切相关，直接影响水库使用寿命与防洪、航运等效益发挥，传统水库径流优化调度方法难以度量。本项研究围绕泥沙冲淤与调度方式、水库效益间复杂响应这一关键问题，利用可变坡玻璃水槽开展试验，解析关键因子对平衡纵剖面的塑造过程与作用，揭示水沙变异条件下水库平衡纵比降驱动机制；基于典型河段实体模型试验，阐明泥沙冲淤、碍航特性与调度方式间互馈模式，建立不同类型碍航河道碍航因子与调度方式间的量化函数关系；将水沙动力学与运筹学学科交叉，建立泥沙调度指标体系，进而耦合径流调度构建通航河流水库水沙联合优化调度模型，并提出泥沙调度因子约束阈值确定方法及泥沙调度模型快速求解技术，从而实现水库水沙联合调度。预期成果不仅可为提高水资源利用效率提供理论依据，而且对完善水库泥沙基本理论、促进水利学科发展具有重要价值。

通航河流水库泥沙运动特性与调度方式密切相关，直接影响水库使用寿命与防洪、航运等效益发挥，传统水库径流优化调度方法难以度量。本项研究围绕泥沙冲淤与调度方式、水库效益间复杂响应这一关键问题，解析了关键因子对平衡纵剖面的塑造过程与作用，揭示了水沙变异条件下水库平衡纵比降驱动机制；阐明了泥沙冲淤、碍航特性与调度方式间互馈模式，建立了不同类型碍航河道碍航因子与调度方式间的量化关系；将水沙动力学与运筹学的学科交叉，建立了泥沙调度指标体系，进而耦合径流调度构建了通航河流水库水沙联合优化调度模型，并提出了泥沙调度因子约束阈值确定方法及与泥沙调度模型快速求解技术，从而实现水库水沙联合调度；将其应用于长江上游梯级水库泥沙调控，分别提出了溪洛渡、向家坝梯级水库汛后蓄水时间水沙联合优化方案和长江泥沙综合调控方案。相关成果不仅可为提高水资源利用效率提供理论依据，而且对完善水库泥沙基本理论、促进水利学科发展具有重要价值。