薄基岩煤层采动水-岩耦合致灾机理与控水开采基础研究

Coal seams under thin bedrock have been mined with large quantity and wide area in our country. Many gushing water and hydraulic supports jammed disasters induced by water-rock coupling processes have happened. The economic losses are not only large and but also underground water surroundings are destroyed. These disasters have endanged our society severely. Therefore，the project has background of thin bedrock caol seams mining water-rock coupling accidents induced by high water pressure. On the basis of theories of mining rock mass seepage and key strata, and by means of numerical simulation, experiment test and theoretical analysis. The mining fissures evolution of the shallow coal seams under thin bedrock with frequent desasters and catastrophe disastrous mechanisms of gushing water and sand inrush caused by water-rock coupling process will be studied. The water-controlled mining principles of reforming artifital controllable disturbence engineering such as working space scale and mining sequence which will control gushing water quatity, sand inrush and seepage flow pattern will be put forward. The criterion conditions, water resisting property, closure regulation and controlling principles and ways of water-controlled key strata will be investigated profoundly. An engineering geogly action model will be established prelimilarily about fissures dynamical evolution during the course of thin bedrock coal seams' mining and gushing water and sand inrush induced by water-rock coupling accident. Under the direction of the key strata principle, a new pattern of adjusting-controlling and scheduling will be explored in coal seams threatened by flood with water controlled mining. Instrinsic universal rules will be discovered between seepage field catastrophe in mining-induced fissure rock mass and controllable disturbence engineering. An investigation platform will be established and perfected. Passive preventing water will be changed into active controlling water. The results will provide a scientific basis for safety mining thin bedrock coal seams which are puzzled by water.

我国薄基岩煤层开采量大面广，且发生多起水岩耦合压架突水致灾事故，不仅经济损失大，而且破坏了矿区水环境，同时造成严重的社会危害。因此，项目以薄基岩煤层采动水岩耦合致灾为背景，以采动岩体渗流理论和岩层控制关键层理论为基础，以数值模拟、实验室测试和理论分析为手段，研究事故频发的薄基岩浅部煤层采动裂隙演化与突水溃砂水岩耦合突变致灾机理，提出改革工作面空间尺度、开采程序等人为可控扰动工程控制突水溃砂水量及渗流流态的控水开采原理，并深入研究控水关键层的判别条件、阻隔水性能、闭合规律及对其实施控制的原理和方法，初步建立薄基岩煤层采动过程裂隙动态演化的突水溃砂水岩耦合致灾的工程地质作用模型；在关键层原理的指导下，探索受水患威胁煤层控水开采的调控调度新模式；揭示采动裂隙岩体水岩耦合致灾与可控扰动工程之间的内在普适性规律。建立和完善水害防治研究平台，变被动治水为主动控水，为受水困薄基岩煤层安全开采提供科学依据

我国薄基岩煤层开采量大面广，且发生多起水岩耦合压架突水致灾事故，不仅经济损失大，而且破坏了矿区水环境，同时造成严重的社会危害。因此，项目以两淮矿区的薄基岩煤层采动水岩耦合压架突水溃砂致灾为工程背景，以采动岩体渗流理论和岩层控制关键层理论为基础，以数值模拟、实验室测试和理论分析为手段，研究了事故频发的薄基岩浅部煤层采动裂隙演化与突水溃砂水岩耦合突变致灾机理，提出了改革工作面空间尺度、开采程序等人为可控扰动工程控制突水溃砂水量及渗流流态的控水开采原理，并深入系统地研究了控水关键层的判别条件、阻隔水性能、闭合规律及对其实施控制的原理和方法，初步建立了薄基岩煤层采动过程裂隙动态演化的突水溃砂水岩耦合致灾的工程地质作用模型；在关键层原理的指导下，探索了受水患威胁煤层控水开采的调控调度新模式；揭示了采动裂隙岩体水岩耦合致灾与可控扰动工程之间的内在普适性规律，首次提出了近含水层下控水开采的新理念和新技术，研发了水害防治与采矿设计、支架选型、工作面管理的协同耦合机制。改革了巷道布置方式及开采顺序，实施了短大快流、采动裂隙疏放水等技术措施，取得了综采面留设17.1m，炮采面留设11.6m和综放面留设15m的重大技术突破，形成了“危险区域预测—巷道布置与开采顺序工程设计—高阻力支架选型—采动裂隙疏放—水文实时监测与推进速度动态调控”为技术核心的含水层下开采技术。建立和完善了我国水害防治研究平台，变被动治水为主动控水，为受水困薄基岩煤层安全开采提供了科学依据。项目在安徽淮北矿业集团朱仙庄煤矿、许疃煤矿；皖北煤电集团公司公司五沟煤矿、任楼煤矿、百善煤矿、恒源煤矿；淮南矿业集团潘三煤矿、张集煤矿、顾北煤矿；安徽界沟矿业有限公司得到成功应用，累计采出受水困煤量共计1324余万吨，延长矿井服务年限5～10年，创直接经济效益105.2亿元，使国家自然科学基金研究成果直接转化成现实生产力，实现了效益最大化，大幅度提高了近含水层下煤层安全开采的可靠性。