同贮药材花椒防治仓储害虫活性物质基础及作用机理研究

Antagonistic storage method is one of Chinese medicine traditional conservation methods and has been in use ever since, which plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine resources protection and utilization. In order to inherit and develop the Chinese traditional storage pest control method, we choose two sources of Zanthoxyli pericarpium as the research sample, based on previous research work; the more intense storage pest Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castanenum as the target insect, to screen the activity of different extracted parts, separate active components, evaluate insecticidal effects through fumigation, contact, repellent, antifeedant activity features on target insect. Test the activity of key detoxification enzyme of insects- acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CarE), establish structure-activity relationship between compounds and activity; and in order to explore the mechanism, apply a direct measurement of biomolecules with exothermic or endothermic process technology-isothermal titration calorimetry ( ITC ), research the interaction between compounds and insecticidal key target enzyme ( AChE and CarE ). This project can provide a basis for revealing the pest control rules about antagonistic storage method, establish foundation for the development of high-quality medicines in storage.

对抗同贮法是药材传统生态防治害虫的方法之一，一直沿用至今，在中药资源的保护与利用中发挥了重要作用。为传承和发扬这种传统的仓储虫害防治方法，本课题在前期研究工作基础上，以药材花椒两个来源植物作为研究样本，仓储害虫优势种烟草甲、赤拟谷盗成虫为靶标昆虫，对样本的不同提取部位进行活性筛选，从中分离具有驱避、熏蒸、触杀、拒食活性的化合物，通过测试杀虫关键的解毒酶-乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和羧酸酯酶（CarE）的活力，建立化合物与活性之间的构效关系；并应用一种直接测量生物分子结合过程中放热或吸热的技术-等温滴定微量热（ITC）法，研究化合物与杀虫关键靶酶（AChE和CarE）之间的相互作用，从而探索作用机理。为揭示同贮药材防治害虫规律提供依据，为开展优质中药材贮存奠定基础。

对抗同贮法是我国中药材传统养护方法之一，应用历史悠久，在中药资源的保护与利用中发挥了重要作用。本项目在此理论基础上，按照项目计划，通过查阅和分析国内外文献，设计了试验方案，以花椒、青花椒果皮为研究样本，制备了青花椒、花椒挥发油及甲醇等不同提取部位的样品，并且建立其TLC、GC、HPLC、1H-NMR指纹图谱；完成了青花椒、花椒不同提取部位活性筛选及活性部位的化学分离，并对单体化合物进行结构解析及理化数据归属。从青花椒当中共分离得到30个化合物，花椒超临界CO2萃取挥发油中分离得到3化合物，共32个化合物。在活性评估过程中，完成了16个单体化合物对靶标昆虫的熏蒸、触杀、驱避及拒食活性研究。并发表相关研究论文16篇，达到预期研究目标及成果，为花椒植物资源防治仓储害虫提供科学实验依据，也为今后深入开展作用机制研究奠定基础。