船用重油掺混葡萄糖水溶液高效清洁燃烧基础研究

Glucose is the most widespread monosaccharide in nature, which is used as biomass model and can be produced from biomass. In this project, a new method of glucose solution emulsified heavy oil is proposed creatively to replace method of traditional water emulsification. The glucose solution contains hydroxyl, high oxygen content and high latent heat of vaporization. Compared with traditional water emulsification, it has the advantages of promoting combustion and improving local oxygen deficiency. In addition, it can help to reduce the soot emission significantly and decrease the potential for full life cycle of CO2 emission. In this project, the premixed combustion heated constant volume combustion device and advanced optical testing technology are used to conduct research on the spray and combustion characteristics of marine heavy oil blending with glucose solution and the mechanism of soot generation and emission reduction. Moreover, the effects of fuel composition, physical and chemical characteristics and environmental conditions will be explored on the spray, ignition and combustion characteristics, revealing the atomization, vaporization, ignition, flame structure and soot generation characteristics. Furthermore, the soot concentration (KL value) of spray combustion depended on time is analyzed and the mechanism of reducing soot emission is explained. This project will provide basic experimental data and theoretical guidance for the development of injection systems on low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engines fuelled glucose solution emulsified heavy oil. And additionally, it will lay the foundation for the combustion optimization and the formation control of harmful emissions.

葡萄糖是自然界分布最广泛的单糖，为生物质模型化合物，可由生物质制取。本项目创新提出了用葡萄糖水溶液乳化船用重油的新方法，以替代传统用水乳化方法。葡萄糖水溶液含羟基、氧含量高、气化潜热大，与传统水乳化相比具有促进燃烧，改善柴油机局部缺氧问题，可以显著降低碳烟排放，并可降低船用燃料全生命周期CO2排放的潜力。本项目拟利用预燃加热式定容燃烧弹装置和先进的光学测量技术，开展船用重油掺混葡萄糖水溶液的喷雾、燃烧特性，碳烟生成与减排机理研究。探索燃料组分及理化特性、环境条件等对喷雾、着火与燃烧特性的影响规律，揭示船用葡萄糖水溶液乳化重油的雾化蒸发、着火燃烧、火焰结构及碳烟生成特性；分析其喷雾燃烧碳烟浓度（KL值）随时间演变规律，阐明掺混葡萄糖水溶液降低碳烟排放机理；为低速二冲程船舶柴油机燃用新型燃料的喷射系统开发提供基础试验数据和理论指导，为新型燃料的燃烧优化和污染物生成控制等工程燃烧研究奠定基础。

据国际海事组织（IMO）统计，全球船舶每年消耗化石油3亿吨，柴油机动力航运占国际贸易的90%以上，远洋运输的船用动力广泛用使用了高热值和低成本的重油。然而，重油粘度高和流动性差会导致负冷流动特性、燃料雾化不良和燃烧不完全等问题。同时，重油燃烧还会排放大量NOx、CO、CO2及Soot等污染物。然而，重油本身含有天然表面活性剂树脂和沥青能够促进油水界面刚性界面膜的形成，使重油乳液更耐添加剂。船用重油的上述问题和特征促使对重油燃料进行改性的研究更具有潜力。因此，本项目创新提出了用葡萄糖水溶液乳化船用重油的新方法，以替代传统用水乳化方法，将可直接从生物质中获得的葡萄糖，以水溶液的形式添加到重油中，制备了新的替代乳化燃料葡萄糖水溶液乳化重油；基于标定重油在定容燃烧弹中的喷雾数值模型，开展了燃料的喷雾特性研究，实现了揭示葡萄糖水溶液、燃料组分及环境条件对燃料喷雾宏观形态、贯穿距、蒸发质量及索特平均直径的影响规律；基于DRGEP机理简化方法，结合敏感性和反应路径分析方法进行详细机理简化，耦合各组分简化机理获取重油的化学反应动力学简化机理，标定了重油在船用二冲程发动机中的燃烧数值模型，并开展了燃料的燃烧特性研究，实现了揭示葡萄糖水溶液、发动机负荷及燃料组分对燃料缸压、缸温、瞬时发热率及累积放热量的影响规律，以及分析了混合燃料的层流预混火焰和撞壁特性；基于葡萄糖水溶液乳化重油的燃烧，开展了燃料的排放特性研究，实现了揭示排放物NOx、Soot、HC、CO及CO2的变化规律，并分析了混合燃料的烟灰形态，以及获得了燃料的碳烟生成特性及减排调控评估方法。项目为低速二冲程船舶柴油机燃用新型燃料的喷射系统开发提供基础试验数据和理论指导，为新型燃料的燃烧优化和污染物生成控制等工程燃烧研究奠定基础。