重载铁路货物列车脱轨机理与控制研究

In order to meet the urgent needs of the National Science and Technology Development Planning and heavy haul railway construction of China, the basic theoretical research will be studied about running safety and stability of freight trains and stiffness of tracks and bridges of heavy haul railway. Although the cause of train derailment for many reasons, but only two types, that is the known reason derailment and unexplained derailment. In the light of the known reason derailment, the derailment mechanism of freight trains will be studied. The whole derailment process of freight trains will be calculated. And the derailment alarm principle of freight trains will also be presented. In the light of the unexplained derailment, according to random energy analysis theory of train derailment, the analysis method of lateral vibration stability of Freight Train and Track (Bridge) system (FTTB system) will be put forward. The indexes controlling freight train safety on the heavy haul railway will be formulated, which include the critical train velocity of lateral vibration stability of the FTTB system, and the admissible limit speed, and the anti-derailment safety degree, etc. And the analysis methods of stiffness limit values of track and bridge structures in heavy haul railway will also be set up. These values not only can control the running safety and can meet the requirements of the running stability of freight trains. With a heavy haul railway line of China as an example, this project will evaluate its safety and stability and propose stiffness limit values of tracks and bridges in main section of the line for the design of heavy haul railway and for formulating the corresponding specifications.

为了满足国家科学和技术发展规划及我国重载铁路建设的迫切需要，以货物列车运行安全性与平稳性以及重载铁路轨道和桥梁结构刚度设计为研究对象，进行基础理论研究。列车脱轨原因固然多种多样，但不外原因明确与不明原因两类。本项目针对原因明确的脱轨，研究货物列车脱轨机理，计算货物列车脱轨全过程，并提出脱轨报警原理。针对不明原因脱轨，基于列车脱轨能量随机分析理论，提出具有原创性的货物列车-轨道（桥梁）系统（简称FTTB系统）横向振动稳定性分析方法；建立控制重载铁路货物列车安全运行指标：FTTB系统横向振动失稳临界车速、容许极限车速、抗脱轨安全度等；提出既能控制货物列车运行安全性，又能满足平稳性的重载铁路轨道及桥梁刚度限值分析方法；以我国某条重载铁路线路为例，评估其安全性与平稳性，同时，提出此条线路主要区段轨道和桥梁结构刚度限值，供设计单位参考。本项目研究成果将为重载铁路设计及相应规范的制订提供理论依据。

报告论述了：国内外重载铁路货物列车脱轨机理与控制研究方面存在的主要问题，我们解决这些主要问题的思路及建立的整套理论及方法。总结了本研究完成的工作及取得的成果：（1）提出了各种典型原因（超速、洪涝、山体滑坡、地震、大风等等）引起的货物列车脱轨全过程的计算方法，全面总结了原因明确的脱轨规律，进一步揭示了原因明确的脱轨机理。（2）提出了列车车轮脱轨掉道的检测方法和货物列车脱轨报警原理及装置，申请了一项发明专利“货物列车脱轨实时可靠停车控制方法”。（3）提出了重载铁路货物列车-轨道（桥梁）系统（即FTTB系统）横向振动稳定性及失稳临界车速的分析方法。（4）构建了一套控制重载铁路货物列车安全运行的指标，即临界车速、容许极限车速及抗脱轨安全度等。（5）从轨道和桥梁角度，研究了重载铁路货物列车脱轨控制措施：论证了重载铁路采用无砟轨道结构类型的可行性；研究了在小半径曲线轨道上安装新型护轨装置对于防止货物列车脱轨的有效性；建立了桥梁加固措施对于控制列车运行安全性的评估方法；提出了重载铁路控制货物列车运行安全性的轨道结构刚度限值的建议方案。阐明了这些成果的学术水平、科学意义及应用前景。说明了研究计划执行情况、学术交流情况及研究生培养情况。最后禀报了发表论文目录。