情绪加工在联结大学生体育锻炼与情绪症状改善中的作用

The decreasing physical activities with increasing mood symptoms among adolescents and youth seem to be contacted each other, and the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. On the basis of collecting exercise behavior of university students for four weeks, subjects were divided into three groups: regular participate in daily exercise training (Group 1), seldom or almost never participate in exercise training (Group 2) and participate in school sports training team (Group 3). Cross-sectional study were designed to assess the relationship between exercise training and mood symptoms, cohort study was designed to assess the effect of regular exercise training on maintaining mood symptoms. Meanwhile, sports training intervention group was followed up to asses the positive effect of exercise training on mood. At the same time, traditional neuropsychological methods and event-related potential and fMRI technology were used, so as to evaluate the changes in cognitive control and emotion processing during the process of exercise training among university students. Results from several epidemiologic study designs could confirm each other, with the purpose of verifying the hypothesis "The brain mechanism of university students' mood improving exits in emotion processing during the process of exercise training".

青少年体育活动下降与情绪症状的上升似乎存在着一定联系，潜在的机制需要阐明。本研究在连续4周收集研究对象的体育锻炼行为基础之上，将研究对象分为三组：即自然参加体育锻炼组（研究一组）、很少或几乎不参加体育锻炼组（研究二组）和参加学校体育训练队组（研究三组）。从横断面调查分析体育锻炼与情绪症状关系，队列研究追踪经常体育锻炼对情绪症状的保持作用；同时，以专门运动训练干预随访情绪症状，以其评价育锻炼对情绪症状的积极意义同时，将传统的神经心理学方法、事件相关电位和fMRI技术相结合，评价并比较不同锻炼习惯青少年在体育锻炼进程中，负责认知控制和情绪加工脑区的变化。几种研究设计结果相互印证，以期验证"体育锻炼进程中情绪加工是改善大学生情绪症状的脑机制"的研究假说。

本研究发现，大学生体力活动水平较低，心理病理症状较为严重，体力活动可在一定程度上降低心理亚健康、焦虑及抑郁的发生风险，开展体育活动干预可以降低大学生焦虑的发生风险。病例对照研究结果显示，不同情绪症状的大学生情绪加工功能间存在差异，表现为焦虑组大学生非焦虑组大学生而言，焦虑组大学生在情绪面孔诱发成份的振幅高于非焦虑组。综上，研究结果初步验证了情绪加工在联结大学生体育锻炼与情绪症状中的作用。. 研究将认知行为科学理论与方法同儿少卫生学（学校卫生学）结合，阐明了情绪加工在联结体育锻炼和情绪症状改善中的作用，为研究体育锻炼对情绪健康积极影响开拓了一项新的思路，也为倡导“阳光体育活动”提供了一定的循证依据。