激光测距中极微弱信号的APD阵列探测研究

The significance to do laser ranging is from its wide science application, its achievement in many other fields of science,such as precision orbit determination and geodetic surveying, indicates it has a broad development prospects. The technique trends of modern laser ranging is high frequency laser ranging, far or deep distance laser ranging,wide objects laser ranging and high accuracy, this need higher performance detector for return photons,so it’s necessary to research new technique method and theory in order to promote laser ranging technique develop. . G-APD has been used as laser returns detector because of its two advantages, single photon detecting sensitivity and picosec time resolution.In order to increase the detection area, get more photons from one laser pulse and search for objects quickly, here we introduce G-APD arrays to laser ranging system to detect the returns different before,and research the detection theory, method and technique to detect extremely weak return signals using it. This is significant for geostationary satellites laser ranging, uncooperative targets laser ranging,even lunar laser ranging and other deep space objects laser ranging..

进行激光测距的意义来自它广泛的科学应用，该技术在空间目标精密定轨和大地测量等众多领域中所取得的成果，显示了其具有广阔的发展前景。高重频，远距离，大范围和高精度是现代激光测距技术的发展趋势，这对回波探测器提出了新的要求，需要研究回波探测新技术方法和理论以促进测距技术发展。.盖革模式下的雪崩二极管（G-APD）具有单光子探测灵敏度和皮秒级时间分辨率两大优点，因此一直被我们用作回波信号探测器。改变只用一个APD探测器件的思路，本项目拟研究激光测距中极微弱回波光子的APD阵列探测理论方法和技术，使得接收系统探测面积增大、单个脉冲中被探测到的光子数变多而使探测到微弱回波光子的几率大大增加和测距频率增加而减少目标搜索时间，这对进行同步卫星激光测距、非合作空间目标漫反射激光测距、甚至是月球激光测距和星际双向传输激光测距等具有重要的意义。

进行激光测距的意义来自它广泛的科学应用，该技术在空间目标精密定轨和大地测量等众多领域中所取得的成果，显示了其具有广阔的发展前景。高重频，远距离，大范围和高精度是现代激光测距技术的发展趋势，这对回波探测器提出了新的要求，需要研究回波探测新技术方法和理论以促进测距技术发展。. 项目研究激光测距中极微弱回波光子的APD阵列探测新技术方法和理论，分别使用MPPC阵列和超导单光子阵列探测器作为回波探测设备进行空间目标激光测距试验，MPPC阵列（4×4）可探测到低轨目标的回波信号，而阵列（2×2）超导探测器可以探测到空间碎片的回波信号。结果表明：接收系统探测面积增大或单个脉冲中被探测到的光子数变多将使探测到微弱回波光子的几率大大增加且减少了目标搜索时间，这对进行同步卫星激光测距、非合作空间目标漫反射激光测距、甚至是月球激光测距和星际双向传输激光测距等技术的实现具有重要意义。