基于阵列探测器的卫星激光测距自动跟踪方法研究

The technologies for space debris laser ranging are in progress of fast development, in which, the application of single-photon-detector array is becoming a new trend. An automatic tracking method based on the single-photon-detector array in laser ranging system is proposed in this project, in which the miss-distance for targets by analyzing the spatial distribution of return signal in detector array is calculated, and then the data is transferred to the telescope servo control system to realize automatic tracking of target object. Based on the KHZ-level laser ranging system on 1.2m telescope, the optical system and control system are researched and designed. Relationship between spatial distribution of return signal and location of target object is to be analyzed with the help of laser transmission model. Experiments on automatic tracking of ground moving targets are to be carried out for verification of practicability. Eventually the method is to be used in space debris laser ranging. The project is aimed at improving detection efficiency and increasing the effective-observation. It will significantly extend the application of laser ranging technologies in China, as well as enhance its value and impact in space debris detection field.

空间碎片激光测距技术正在迅速发展，阵列单光子探测器在激光测距技术的应用中成为一种新的发展趋势。本项目提出一种基于阵列单光子探测器的激光测距自动跟踪方法，利用回波信号在阵列探测器的空间分布计算目标脱靶量，交由望远镜伺服控制系统以实现对目标的自动跟踪。本项目以1.2m望远镜KHz激光测距系统为基础，对光学系统和控制系统进行设计和研制，利用激光传输模型分析回波信号的空间分布与目标位置的关系，开展地面移动靶目标自动跟踪试验，验证该方法的实用性，并将该方法最终应用到空间碎片激光测距中。本项目的顺利开展，将提高空间碎片激光测距探测效率，增加有效观测弧段。有利于扩展我国激光测距技术的应用领域，提升激光测距技术在空间碎片探测中的作用和价值。

激光测距依赖于利用空间碎片的轨道预报对目标进行捕获。当空间碎片可见的情况下，可以利用跟踪CCD 对空间碎片进行脱靶量测量并反馈到伺服跟踪系统，以达到对空间碎片实施闭环跟踪减小跟踪误差的效果。当空间碎片处于地影或者白天测距时，利用CCD 跟踪的办法失效，只能通过人工干预搜索的办法对目标进行跟踪。本项目提出一种基于阵列单光子探测器的激光测距自动跟踪方法，利用回波信号在阵列探测器的空间分布计算目标脱靶量，交由望远镜伺服控制系统以实现对目标的自动跟踪。.项目分析了激光测距回波受大气湍流影响情况下空间及时间分布的影响，建立了基于阵列盖革模式单光子探测器卫星激光测距仿真平台，研究了多数据回波情况的数据处理，研究了回波光子数、积分时间、数据处理方法等对脱靶量获取的影响，用53cm望远镜发射激光、1.2m望远镜接收激光，采用光纤阵列和超导单光子探测器结合的方式进行了实验研究。首次实现了对多回波信号的自动数据处理，首次实现利用单元探测器测量获得目标的脱靶量信息。这一技术的应用必将提高空间碎片激光测距探测效率，增加有效观测弧段，有利于扩展我国激光测距技术的应用领域，提升激光测距技术在空间碎片探测中的作用和价值。