石墨烯/PDMS复合材料微纳分级结构构筑及防除冰机理研究

In order to satisfy the requirements of anti/de-icing of aircraft surface under low temperature, high humidity and aerial conditions, a lightweight, low energy consumption, high electrothermal, flexible graphene based superhydrophobic composites coating is proposed. The composites coating is composed of graphene micro-nano hierarchical structure and low surface energy polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has the characteristics of superhydrophobic, low contact angle hysteresis and electrothermal properties. The size of micro-nano hierarchical structure effect on wetting model transition of superhydrophobic composites coating will be studied. The thermodynamic and kinetic anti-icing mechanism of superhydrophobic composites coating under low temperature and high humidity conditions will be disscused. The mechanism of rebound and energy conversion during dynamic impact of droplet will be investigated. On the basis of these results, the graphene micro-nano hierarchical structures will be designed and prepared. Meanwhile, the contact interface model of ice layer adhesion on superhydrophobic composites coating surface will be established. The mechanism of electrothermal deicing of graphene based superhydrophobic composites coating can be obtained. Finally, the durability of the graphene based superhydrophobic anti/de-icing composites coating will be evaluated by freezing-thawing cycle tests and mechanical tests. The graphene based superhydrophobic anti/de-icing composites coating could be used in the fields of airplane, wind turbine blades, solar panels, buildings and so on.

本课题针对低温、高湿、空中条件下航空器表面的防/除冰需求，提出一种轻质、低能耗、高电热、柔性石墨烯基防冰、除冰一体化超疏水涂层。该涂层是由石墨烯基微纳分级结构与低表面能聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合而成，具有超疏水、低接触角滞后、电热等特性。重点开展超疏水涂层润湿模型转变的微观结构尺寸效应研究，揭示低温、高湿条件下超疏水涂层液滴结冰的热力学与动力学延迟机制，探讨液滴动态撞击过程中反弹机理及能量转换机理，实现石墨烯/PDMS微纳分级结构的构建与可控制备；建立冰层在超疏水涂层表面附着的接触界面模型，探究石墨烯基超疏水涂层电热除冰机制；最后，通过冻-融循环试验、力学试验等评价石墨烯基超疏水防/除冰涂层的耐久性能，从而为轻质化、柔韧化，耐久性优良的石墨烯基超疏水防/除冰材料的研制提供技术基础。研究成果可满足大飞机、风机叶片、太阳能面板、建筑等表面的防/除冰需求，具有重要的工程意义和学术价值。

本课题针对低温、高湿、空中条件下的防/除冰需求，提出了一种轻质、低能耗、高电热、柔性石墨烯基防冰、除冰一体化超疏水涂层。该涂层是由石墨烯基二阶微纳分级结构与低表面能的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合而成，具有超疏水、低接触角滞后、通电发热的特性。重点开展了新型石墨烯基微纳分级结构的防除冰机理、过冷液滴撞击表面过程的动态分析及防冰特性研究，突破了低温、高湿环境对超疏水性能的影响规律及防冰结构设计技术、超疏水微纳分级结构的可控制备技术、超疏水微纳分级防冰结构的耐久性评价技术等关键技术。取得了主要如下创新：（1）建立了石墨烯基二阶微纳分级结构的构建与可控制备方法，掌握了微观结构尺寸效应对超疏水涂层表面润湿模型转变的影响规律，从而为低温、高湿条件下超疏水防除冰材料的研制提供依据；（2）揭示了低温、高湿条件下超疏水涂层表面液滴结冰的热力学与动力学延迟机制，探讨了液滴动态撞击过程中反弹机理及能量转换机理，从而形成了一套静态润湿特性分析与动态润湿特性分析相结合的防冰设计分析方法；（3）建立了冰层在超疏水涂层表面附着的接触界面模型，探究了石墨烯基超疏水材料电热除冰机制，实现了超疏水材料防冰、除冰一体化的研制。研制的具有新型微纳分级结构的防/除冰一体化材料，在-20℃，相对湿度55%的条件下，水滴与表面的接触角≥150°，滚动角为≤5°，过冷水滴仍能从超疏水表面弹离，表现出良好的防冰特性。同时，该材料还是实现低功率发热和高效的除霜和除冰性能。此外，经多次弯折、扭转、磨损、冻-融循环后该材料仍表现出良好的超疏水性能和防冰性能。在Advanced Functional Materials（IF 19.924）、Chemical Engineering Journal（IF 16.744）、Journal of Materials Chemistry A（IF 14.511）等国际期刊，发表SCI论文11篇；申请及授权发明专利8项；培养博士及硕士研究生10人。