基于能量时移调控的新能源电力系统高渗透率风/光发电消纳调度机理研究

Highly penetrated generation of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, is the major feature of the electrical power system with renewable energy. Since the characteristic of being fluctuant, almost uncontrollable and low forecasting precision, the controllability of renewable energy generation has been weakened, and hence the adverse effects on security and economy of power grid. If the adverse effects of renewable energy generation on power grid have not been accurately evaluated, coupled with lack of flexible control means, the risk on power grid operating would be overestimated. Then the proportion of renewable energy generation is to be restricted to a lower level which led to the bottle-neck issues of accommodation. The project is to construct a Source-Grid-Load coordinated optimal dispatching method and multi-level flexible control system for improving the consumptive level of renewable energy. Firstly, the source characteristics of renewable energy generation represented with wind and solar generation are systematically analyzed, and the characterization methods of the intrinsic fluctuation properties are proposed. Secondly, the renewable energy consumptive potential of the grid would be effectively dug by reserving safety margin of grid operation reasonably. Finally, the Time-Shifting Mechanism of electro and thermal energy is thoroughly studied, for combined heat and power units and electric heating load both installed with thermal energy storage devices. The project will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for China's new energy and power system to ease up the Source-Grid-Load operation contradiction, improve the accommodation level of wind and photovoltaic generation and realize the optimal operation of renewable energy power generation.

含高渗透率可再生能源发电是新能源电力系统的主要特征。风/光等可再生能源发电具有波动性且不易受控，输出功率难以准确预测。大规模可再生能源的接入将削弱电网调度对发电功率的控制能力，进而威胁电网的安全与经济运行。在难以准确把握可再生能源发电功率波动影响且缺乏灵活调控手段的情况下，电网通常会高估波动带来的风险而限制其接入规模以确保电网安全运行，进而导致可再生能源消纳难题。本项目将研究风/光等可再生能源发电功率波动的本征属性；揭示含高渗透率风/光发电电网的接纳可行域时变特性；研究含储热热电联产机组和含储热电供热负荷等广义储能元件的电-热能量时移调控机理。结合风/光功率波动本征属性、充分利用源-网-荷调控特性，形成多层次灵活调控体系，构建提高可再生能源消纳水平的协调优化调度方法。为我国新能源电力系统缓解源-网-荷运行矛盾、提高风/光发电消纳水平、实现可再生能源发电优化调度提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑。

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，是对能源清洁低碳转型大势的准确把握，是实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要载体。“三北”地区典型高渗透率风/光消纳难题，是新型电力系统实现风/光消纳调度的瓶颈问题之一。.本项目通过对“波动源”、“消纳网”、“调控源”和“调控荷”特性的深入研究，揭示了大规模风电场群输出功率的时空分布特性、风电电源与电网运行特性及其相互作用机理，在此基础上构建了提高新能源电力系统风/光消纳能力的协调优化调度方法。本项目研究成果为提高电网风/光消纳、保证电网安全经济运行提供了理论基础。.研究进度严格按照计划书进行，已完成全部预期研究目标。.主要研究内容及成果如下：.1.“波动源”：从统计、时频特性两个角度，分别提出基于改进shapley值、基于Daubechies6离散小波的风电集群功率汇聚效应趋势性分析方法，揭示了汇聚效应存在极限值的特征。.2.“消纳网”：构建了风-光-火联合外送的直流通道优化调度模型，以及考虑送-受双端电网调峰需求的特高压直流多段折线式外送优化调度方法。有效降低直流通道峰谷差，提高新能源消纳率。.3.“调控源荷”：提出基于Hessian矩阵内点法的储热热电联产与蓄热式电锅炉的风电消纳调度方法。储热装置安装在热电联产机组侧以解耦热电耦合约束，增加其出力的灵活性；电锅炉设置在电负荷侧，在弃风时接入供热以消纳弃风。.4.“源网荷”协调：提出在源侧构建含风电、光伏发电、光热发电与火电机组的多源联合并网调度模型，荷侧引入需求响应通过电价引导实现需求侧资源的灵活调节，从而构建源网荷协调的调度方法，达到“以可再生能源消纳可再生能源”的目的。.