基于无线传感器网络的分布式光伏并网发电系统监控可靠性研究

It is well known that power system will face a new challenge on the scheduling and the management due to more and more connection of distributed grid-connected PV power systems. In order to monitor distributed grid-connected PV power systems, it is necessary to build the reliabilty monitoring network. In the existing research, the monitoring problem of distributed grid-connected PV power systems has been rarely studed. According to the feature of distributed grid-connected PV power systems, a wireless monitoring network (WMN) is designed based on the advantages of wireless sensor network in environment monitoring. Some key problems involving the reliability of WMN are discussed. Firstly, the method for designing the topology model of WMN is presented, which will be used to guarantee the reliability of WMN at the time of its initialization. Then, the reliability evaluation model of WMN is given. The methods for tracking the weak links and identifying key sensor nodes are proposed, which will help to evaluate the reliability of WMN at the time of its running. Thirdly, the multi-objective assembled optimal model is presented focusing on utilizing the least nodes to achieve the best network performance and the self-healing control strategy for WMN is designed, which will be applied to improve the reliability of the network at the time of its failure. At last, the simulation system and testing platform are built for validating the presented methods. The results of this project will contribute to provide the support in theory and technology for constructing the high-performance monitoring and control network for distributed grid-connected PV power systems.

分布式光伏并网发电系统的大量、随机、分散接入将给电力系统调度和管理带来新的挑战。预实现分布式光伏并网发电系统的可靠监控，必须依托可靠的监控网络。现有研究主要针对集中式光伏电站构建监控网络，因此分布式光伏并网发电系统的监控问题亟待研究。本项目旨在借助无线传感器网络实现对分布式光伏并网发电系统的监控，对监控可靠性的关键问题进行探讨。首先，结合分布式光伏并网发电系统的特点给出监控网络的构建方法，保证网络构建时的可靠性；接着，建立监控网络可靠性评估模型，给出跟踪网络薄弱环节与识别关键节点的方法，评估网络运行时的可靠性；第三，针对节点失效而导致网络性能下降的问题，提出采集数据和传输路由的自愈策略，探索网络故障时性能的改善方法。最后，依托实际分布式屋顶光伏系统，搭建监控网络仿真系统和实验平台验证所提出的方法。研究成果将为构建灵活性好、智能化程度高的分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络提供理论依据和技术支持。

随着分布式光伏发电系统装机并网容量的持续增加，电力系统运行的稳定性正面临挑战。本项目借助无线传感器网络技术来实现对分布式光伏并网发电系统的可靠监控，重点对监控网络的构建方法、性能评估方法、性能改善方法进行研究。. （1）针对分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络构建方法的研究，一方面采用可靠性分析方法，对不同拓扑结构时的监控网络可靠性进行比较，给出了网络中传感器节点的分层分簇优化部署方案。另一方面，研究了监控网络不同的传感器节点部署方法，分别提出了基于网格理论的节点部署方法和基于感知信号模型的节点部署方法。. （2）针对分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络性能评估方法的研究，运用故障树分析法对所构建的分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络建立故障树模型，并对其进行定性和定量分析，寻找引起监控网络失效的各种可能的故障原因。然后利用蒙特卡洛模拟法对监控网络的实际运行状态进行仿真模拟，根据仿真结果寻找影响监控网络运行性能的薄弱环节和关键节点，为提高分布式光伏发电系统监控网络的运行可靠性提供指导。. （3）针对分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络性能改善方法的研究，首先研究了监控网络失效之后的覆盖率恢复算法，通过唤醒冗余节点，提高失效监控网络的覆盖率。然后提出了基于动态采样周期的传感器节点最小深度休眠调度机制，在保证监测区域内信息可靠采集的基础上，使完成监控任务的传感器节点尽快进入休眠状态，延长网络的使用寿命。此外，采取信号压缩感知方法减少监控网络的通信压力，同时，考虑到噪声干扰，研究了压缩感知理论应用过程中含有噪声的信号重构问题。. （4）设计了分布式光伏发电系统人机交互平台。所设计的监控软件平台可以进行可视化操作。同时，该平台不仅能够获取数据信息，还能够进行数据的分析与诊断。. 项目研究成果将为构建灵活性好、智能化程度高的分布式光伏并网发电系统监控网络提供理论依据和技术支持。