无显式通讯分布式光伏并网发电系统协调控制研究

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generators paralleled in the power grid. These PV generators with different owners are designed and controlled locally according to load demand, environmental requirements, PV panel and battery capacities. There is no explicit communication among the distributed PV generators. The distributed PV units can only get neighboring information through the self-sensors. Therefore, how to realize the cooperative control for the distributed PV generators is the main research point in this project. This project focuses on distributed PV grid-connected generation system without explicit communication. It is analyzed that the effect between power grid and PV systems. Based on the swarm intelligence theory, the stability of high permeability of PV generators is analyzed. The cooperative control method for distributed PV generation system without explicit communication is investigated based on multi-agent game theory. Then, regarding the external environment changes, it is studied that the stability of distributed power generation system and related power quality in grid. Meanwhile, considering the power quality, multi-objective optimization method for voltage, reactive power and harmonic in distributed PV power system is further examined. The validity and practicability of the proposed control algorithm are verified by simulations and experiments. The project will improve reliability, stability and competitiveness for the PV grid-connected generation system, and provide theory basis for the development of the distributed power generation technology.

近年来越来越多的太阳能光伏发电系统以分布式发电形式并入电网，这些光伏并网发电系统是根据本地负载和环境等要求进行设计和控制的，它们之间没有交互和通讯，只靠本身的传感器获取周边的信息；如何实现它们的协调控制，是本项目研究的重点。本项目针对无显式通讯分布式光伏并网发电系统，分析高渗透率下系统分布位置和容量的影响机理；根据群集智能的思想，研究基于博弈理论的多智能体协调控制方法，寻求电网稳定运行的纳什均衡点；然后研究外界环境变化对电网稳定性和电能质量的影响，分析电网稳定域和稳定方法；继而综合考虑电能质量，进一步研究电网电压、无功和谐波的多目标协调优化方法；通过仿真和实验验证控制算法的有效性和实用性。本项目的研究将为提高光伏并网发电系统可靠性、稳定性和市场竞争力奠定基础，同时为分布式发电技术的发展提供理论基础。

当新能源以分布式发电的形式接入电网，打破了传统的集中式发电模式，对传统电网的电能质量、运行稳定性、系统可靠性等方面产生了较大的影响。针对这一问题，不失一般性，本项目重点研究分布式太阳能并网发电对电网的影响，并研究出了即插即用型太阳能光伏并网发电系统，在无显式通讯下，实现分布式光伏并网发电系统稳定可靠运行。本课题首先针对太阳能光伏并网发电的多种形式，采用性价比较高的光伏微逆变器并网形式，提出了基于CCM的双交错反激式结构的并网微逆变器，通过CQC认证（金太阳认证），效率达到95%；然后在此基础上，建立了CCM交错反激式微逆变器的高精度四阶模型，通过零极点分布情况，提出了具有均流控制的并网电流闭环控制策略；继而建立了以多光伏微逆变器并网的分布式发电实验平台，研究光伏微电网稳定可靠运行的无显式通讯协调控制方法，考虑经济性最优，综合光伏微源的同步问题和系统的稳定性，提出一种微增率下垂策略，实现了并网和孤岛模式的实时优化；同时考虑通讯延时对系统稳定性的影响，结合Razumikhin稳定性定理提出了低带宽通讯系统的全时滞稳定性判据并推导出相关参数设计范围；最后研究了光伏发电接入电网对电能质量的影响，提出一种基于Pareto最优的微粒群多目标优化算法；针对本地负荷和公共负荷均含有非线性负荷的并网微电网系统，提出了一种能提高分布式光伏系统反孤岛能力的电能质量控制策略，可以较好的解决多种电能质量问题。本项目的研究为太阳能光伏并网发电技术的广泛应用提供理论基础和技术保障，相关研究成果已通过国家863项目“紧凑型、多功能智能户用光伏发电控制系统研发及示范”得以验证；本项目实施过程中申请专利5项，其中授权国家发明专利3项；发表论文13篇，其中SCI收录2篇，EI收录9篇。