基于目标空间散射特性的多站雷达信号级协同抗欺骗式干扰方法研究

Deception jamming is one of the most important jamming patterns in the complicated electromagnetic environment. Due to the limited deception electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM) ability of monostatic radar, multiple-radar architectures inevitably become the major development tendency. Among all methods, the signal fusion-based ECCM methods, which directly exploit the target echoes, can achieve a better ECCM ability than that of the data fusion-based methods for its higher fusion level. Therefore, it has important research significances. At present, the research of signal fusion-based ECCM methods is still lagging in the literature available. The key is to find different characteristics between true and false targets in the signal level. To solve this problem, first of all, the spatial scattering properties of true and false targets are modeled and analyzed in theory, serving as the theoretical bases. Then, the ways to discriminate true and false targets based on these spatial scattering properties are discussed in both distributed and cooperative detection systems. The corresponding discrimination characteristics are proposed and some practical signal fusion-based deception ECCM methods are researched. All in all, the signal fusion techniques are applied to counter the deception jamming and this research will enrich the theories and methods of the deception jamming discrimination in multiple-radar systems, significantly improve the radar ECCM ability in complicated jamming environment, and promote the cooperative ECCM methods to the battlefield realization.

欺骗式干扰是雷达面临日益复杂电磁环境中的重要干扰样式，单站雷达对其抗干扰能力有限，多站雷达协同是抗欺骗式干扰的重要发展趋势，尤其是信号级协同抗干扰直接利用各雷达站回波信息，相比于数据级协同抗干扰，融合级别更高，可得到更优的抗干扰性能，具有重要的研究意义。目前，信号级协同抗欺骗式干扰的研究还处于起步阶段，其关键在于寻找真假目标信号级特征的差异。为此，本项目对多站雷达下真假目标空间散射特性进行理论建模与分析，为协同抗欺骗式干扰奠定理论基础。在多站雷达分别采用分布式检测和联合检测这两种不同目标检测模式下，探讨空间散射特性差异在可用融合信息上的体现，提取相应的目标鉴别特征量，研究不同应用条件下切实可行的信号级协同抗欺骗式干扰方法。本项目将信号级融合技术用于抗欺骗式干扰，研究成果将丰富多站雷达协同抗欺骗式干扰理论与方法，显著提高雷达在复杂电磁干扰环境下的抗干扰能力，推动协同抗干扰方法走向战场实用化。

面向未来复杂电磁环境下预警探测雷达的生存能力问题，重点考虑了新型欺骗式干扰对抗难题。利用多站雷达多视角、多体制探测信息的优势，突破了常规雷达信息数据级融合的研究思路，探索了信号级协同抗欺骗式干扰方法，解决了一系列关键技术，主要包括：（1）在多站雷达下，研究了目标矩形散射点模型和带强散射点模型下的空间散射特性，推导了各雷达站不同探测角度、不同探测频率下，接收到目标回波的理论相关系数表达式；（2）研究了非理想因素下，多站雷达系统中各雷达站接收干扰信号间的相关性，说明并仿真验证了真假目标空间散射特性的差异，为信号级协同抗欺骗式干扰方法研究提供了理论基础；（3）在多站雷达采用分布式检测模式下，研究了多脉冲幅度数据下基于鉴别门限的欺骗式干扰协同鉴别方法，以及单脉冲幅度数据下基于聚类分析的欺骗式干扰信号级协同对抗方法；（4）在多站雷达采用联合目标检测模式下，研究了联合检测下基于似然比检测的欺骗式干扰鉴别方法，以及联合参数估计阶段中基于欺骗距离估计的欺骗式干扰协同鉴别方法。本项目提出方法显著提高了多站雷达协同抗欺骗式干扰能力，在SNR大于6dB，欺骗距离1km以上，可实现欺骗式干扰识别概率≥90%，促进了协同抗干扰方法的战场实用化。