基于Budyko假设的黄土高原生态水文区域差异性研究

Eco-hydrological regional differences research has important theoretical and practical significance for guiding observations and modeling, and rational distribution of ecological construction. Loess Plateau has obvious environmental gradient, and strongly influenced by human activities, in particular need to revealing eco-hydrological responses to climate change and human activities and its regional differences through the records of observational data. Budyko Hypothesis has proven to be a simple and effective method for comprehensive analysis. The project intends to e analyze the hydrological climate change trends Loess Plateau during the last 60s years based on long time series meteorological and hydrological data. We will reveal regional differences in eco-hydrological processes in response to the driving force by calculating evaporation efficiency (AET / P) and dryness (PET / P) moving direction and magnitude in the Budyko framework, combined with topography, soil and vegetation data, propose ecological hydrological zoning. Finally we will quantitative comparing response characteristics differences for typical catchment of the zone by Budyko decomposition. Through the development of integrated research tools from top to bottom, improve the overall understanding of the ecological hydrological system of the Loess Plateau, this is the foundation for proposing climate change adaptation strategies and rational distribution of ecological constructions.

区域差异性研究对于分类指导生态水文过程观测和模拟，合理布局生态建设均具有重要的理论和现实意义。黄土高原环境梯度明显，人类活动影响强烈，尤其需要通过历史动态变化过程，揭示生态水文过程对气候变化和人类活动的响应规律及其区域差异性。Budyko假设已经被证实是一种简单有效的综合分析方法。本项目拟在利用多年气象和水文数据的基础上，分析黄土高原地区近60来年的水文气候变化趋势；通过计算蒸发效率（AET/P）和干燥度（PET/P）在Budyko框架内的移动方向和幅度，揭示生态水文过程对驱动力响应的区域差异，结合地形、土壤、植被数据和野外调查，进行生态水文区域划分；在各分区内选择典型流域，利用Budyko分解法定量对比响应特征的差异。通过发展从上至下的综合研究手段，提高对黄土高原生态水文系统的整体认识。

区域差异性研究对于分类指导生态水文过程观测和模拟，合理布局生态建设均具有重要的理论和现实意义。黄土高原环境梯度明显，人类活动影响烈，尤其需要通过历史动态变化过程，揭示生态水文过程对气候变化和人类活动的响应规律及其区域差异性。项目围绕基于Budyko假设的生态水文分析方法和黄土高原水文过程对气候变化和人类活动的响应的区域差异性开展了包括野外调查、原位实验、样品的室内分析以及模型模拟等工作。在羊圈沟等典型流域开展了土壤水分等定位观测，在黄土高原南北样带连续开展了野外调查，收集径流、气象、植被、土地利用等数据进行了流域水沙变化趋势归因及区域生态水文差异的分析。揭示了土壤水分空间格局稳定的过程机制、阐明了黄土高原土壤水分随降雨梯度及土地利用变化并统计与植被等其他因子之间的权衡关系，发展了经典Budyko模型并归因了黄土高原流域径流变化驱动力并比较了区域差异，初步划分了黄土高原生态水文分区并分析了分区特征，发展了河流泥沙变化归因分析方法，解析了黄河过去60年来输沙量大幅减少的驱动因素。项目共发表SCI论文11篇，项目主持人获得2017年优秀青年基金项目资助，作为主要完成人获得生态系统服务研究集体获得2016年中国科学院杰出科技成就奖。