耦合人地交互作用的特战攻防行为建模与虚实协同模拟

Special-Operations is an important means for threat clearing, anti-terrorism as well as hostage rescue. To build the model of defensive and offensive behaviors for special operations and to carry out the simulation of defensive and offensive process have obvious implications for optimizing defensive and offensive schemes and reducing casualties. Defensive and offensive actions in special operations is a typical micro-scale human-environment interactive process with the two-way interaction between defensive and offensive behaviors of special players and geographic environment. However, the current mechanism of interaction between geographic environment and special players is not clear, lacking of defensive and offensive behavior model reflecting the two-way interaction and corresponding simulation methods. Therefore, the following researches are being carried out: mechanism and concept modelling of human-environment interaction in special operations defense and offense; modelling of defensive and offensive behaviors coupling human-environment interaction; collaborative simulation methods across in-loop real-soldiers and virtual environments; research and experiment on prototype system of city fortress raid simulation. The innovation of this project is reflected in three aspects. The first one is model construction of defensive and offensive behaviors coupling human-environment interaction. The second one is the comprehensive force mode integrating multiple factors, such as geographic environment, enemy threat, and combat mission. Also, the reasoning method of defensive and offensive agent’s behaviors in special operations is build. The last one is collaborative simulation method across the virtual and the reality in multiple modes by integrating real-soldiers in loop. This project can provide theoretical support for the research of defense and offence in special operations. Meanwhile, it will enrich the theoretical results of human-environment interaction and behavior modelling, and then promote the development of military geographic information science and spatial behavioral geography.

特战攻防是威胁清除、反恐处突、人质解救等的重要手段。构建特战攻防行为模型，开展攻防模拟，优化攻防方案，减少伤亡，意义显著。特战攻防行动是典型的微观尺度下特战队员攻防行为与地理环境双向作用下的人地交互过程。但目前地理环境与特战队员之间交互机理不明，缺少反映这一双向交互作用的攻防行为模型及相应模拟方法。为此开展以下研究：特战攻防人地交互作用机理与概念建模、耦合人地交互作用的特战攻防行为建模、实兵在环下的特战攻防虚实协同模拟方法、实兵在环下的城市要点夺控特战攻防模拟原型系统研究与试验。项目创新性构建耦合人地交互双向作用的特战攻防行为模型，建立集成地理环境、敌方威胁、作战任务等多要素的战场综合作用力模型以及特战攻防智能体行为推理方法，构建实兵在环下的虚实协同多模式模拟方法。项目不仅为特战攻防研究提供理论方法支撑，并将丰富人地交互作用与行为建模理论成果，推动军事地理信息科学以及空间行为地理学的发展。

目面向微观尺度下特战队员攻防行为与地理环境双向作用下，针对目前地理环境与特战队员之间交互机理不明，缺少反映这一双向交互作用的攻防行为模型及相应模拟方法的问题，研究特战攻防人地交互作用机理与概念建模、耦合人地交互作用的特战攻防行为模型、实兵在环下的特战攻防虚实协同模拟方法、城市要点夺控特战攻防模拟原型系统等。形成以下结果：. （1）基于人地要素、交互内容、交互过程、交互方式、交互强度等五个方面，探索特战攻防过程中的人地交互机理。构建了基于实体关系的特战攻防过程模型和基于作用强度的“人-地”要素关系概念模型。. （2）构建了支撑人地交互作用下的特战攻防行相关模型。针对特战攻防行为影响地形形变效应，建立了炮弹触地爆炸作用下的地形动态形变模型，以及基于实体三角网格顶点重构方法的实体毁伤模型。为反映动态环境对特战攻防路径动态规划的影响，引入目标引力场、障碍物斥力场、火力威胁斥力场等，基于改进人工势场方法，构建全局路径规划算法；改进了A*算法，将火力威胁网格化并赋予网格代价函数，构建了火力威胁作用下的局部路径规划。提出并构建了基于决策树、状态机和强化学习的单兵攻防行为控制与表达模型以及班组群体攻防控制模型。. （3）提出基于视频、惯性、光学的人体全身动作捕捉设备、以及原位运动仪的多模式动作捕捉与耦合方案，突破了混合多模式动作捕捉与识别技术，用于支撑实兵动作控制下的虚拟化身与虚拟兵力之间的耦合模拟。. （4）构建城市要点夺控特战攻防模拟原型系统，集成了动态地形模拟、实体动态毁伤模拟、动态火力威胁模拟、动态路径规划、单兵及班组攻防行为模拟等功能。测试表明，模型科学合理，系统运行稳定。.. 本项目不仅为特战攻防研究提供理论方法支撑，同时将丰富人地交互作用与行为建模理论成果，并推动军事地理信息科学以及空间行为地理学的发展。