高性能阵列天线散射方向图零点调控技术研究

With the rapid development of the stealth fighter aircraft, the beyond visual range air combat has become an important determinant of the tactical level of a country’s air force. One of the key factors in determining the winner of the beyond visual range air combat is to discover and attack the enemy first, which requires the antenna arrays to have high radiation performance and low radar cross section at the same time since the antenna systems are both the detection system and one of the main scatterers of the fighter aircraft. In order to solve this urgent practical need, this subject focuses on the scattering null control of array antenna with high radiation performance. The subject is conducted from two aspects of the array element and element arrangement. Taking advantages of the favorable characteristics of metamaterials, such as the abilities of reducing radar cross section and improving the radiation performance of antenna, the methods of designing radiating structure of the antenna element using metamaterisls and optimizing the element arrangement using the concept of metamaterials are researched. By solving the key problems of manipulating the radiation and scattering performances of antenna element and the array respectively, high radiation performance and the control of sacttering nulls of the array antenna can be obtained simultaneously. Thus the goal of controlling the scattering nulls of the array antenna with high radiation performance can be achieved, which will meet the demand of the beyond visual range air combat for the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna array on the stealth aircraft at the same time.

在隐身战机蓬勃发展的今天，超视距空战水平已经成为衡量一个国家空军战术水平的重要决定因素，而决定超视距空战胜负的关键因素之一是先敌发现先敌攻击，这就要求既是探测系统又是主要散射源之一的阵列天线系统同时具有宽带、高增益等更好的辐射特性和低雷达截面的散射特性。针对这一迫切的实际需求，本项目以高性能阵列天线散射方向图零点调控技术为研究目标，利用人工电磁材料低散射特性和提高天线辐射性能的特性，从天线阵元和阵列排布两个方面入手，研究人工电磁材料作为天线辐射结构的设计方法以及根据人工电磁材料的思想设计优化阵列排布，解决人工电磁材料对阵列天线阵元和阵列总的辐射散射特性单独可调设计的关键问题，同时实现提高阵列天线辐射性能和调控其散射方向图零点指向入射波方向的设计目标，最终达到高性能阵列天线的RCS减缩，从而同时满足超视距空战对隐身飞机平台上阵列天线辐射和散射特性的需求。

以隐身飞机为代表的雷达隐身武器是保障国家和领土安全的重要军事威慑，而反隐身技术的不断发展对隐身武器平台的战场生存能力和作战能力造成了重要威胁，因此需要不断提升隐身装备的隐身性能。天线作为隐身装备的主要散射源，其辐射和接收电磁波的功能导致用于武器平台的隐身手段不能直接用于天线隐身，且其辐射和隐身性能相互制约。针对这一迫切需求，本项目主要对高增益阵列天线宽带隐身技术和天线散射方向图重构技术进行研究，发表SCI检索论文13篇，其中在天线领域顶刊IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation上发表论文6篇，申请发明专利7项，已授权5项，代表性成果及科学意义如下：.1..突破了天线增益与隐身特性相互制约的瓶颈，通过全息天线阻抗调制单元的极化相关设计，并结合极化相关吸波频选结构，实现了全息天线增益提升1.4 dB的同时单站RCS在4-17 GHz频带内的显著缩减，可在提升我方通信、雷达等系统作用距离的同时缩短地方雷达的探测距离，显著提升隐身武器装备的作战效能。.2..国际上首次提出天线工作状态下的散射特性按重构技术，实现了天线辐射和散射特性的独立调控。以微带阵列天线和F-P谐振天线为例，分别实现了阵列天线和单天线的带内散射方向图重构，具备了初步的根据战场实时电磁环境改变隐身特性的能力，为未来智能隐身装备上的天线研制提供技术支撑。.3..将材料学与电磁学相结合，利用液态金属常温下的流动性和高导电性设计散射特性可重构阵列天线，为智能隐身天线的实现提供新的技术途径。