基于电磁超构表面的阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控技术研究

Aiming at the new requirements of antenna system for stealth aircraft platform, and focusing on the integrated manipulation of antenna array radiation and scattering performance, we propose a novel idea that the electromagnetic metasurface (MS) design thought is integrated into the antenna design to make the antenna owns radiation properties and in-phase reflection characteristics, simultaneously. Meanwhile, we explore a new proposal that the radiation and scattering performance of antenna array is comprehensively manipulated by using the two antenna electromagnetic characteristics. The antenna structures influence on radiation properties and in-phase reflection characteristics under different excitation sources is synchronously analyzed. The commonalities and differences between the two electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna are investigated. A new integrated design method of antenna radiation properties and in-phase reflection characteristics is proposed. According to design idea that the radiation field convergence and scattering field cancellation of the antenna array, the new antenna structure with effective combination of radiation properties and in-phase reflection characteristics are explored. Furthermore, a new proposal of antenna structure design is proposed from the viewpoint of mutual promotion of two electromagnetic characteristics. The newly designed antenna is treated as the basic unit to construct the antenna array, and the scattering problem of antenna array is transformed to “radiation problem”. A multi-constrained optimization model considering the radiation and scattering performance of the antenna array is established, and the technology of shared aperture, digital coding and intelligent algorithm are used to optimize the antenna array arrangement to realize the integrated manipulation of the radiation and scattering performance. It is expected that the research results will provide new technical approaches and supports for the development of stealth platform antenna systems.

项目瞄准隐身飞行器平台对天线系统的新需求，聚焦阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控难题，将前沿研究的电磁超构表面与阵列天线相结合，提出将超构表面设计思想融入天线设计以使天线同时具有辐射特性和同相反射特性的新思路，探索综合利用天线两种电磁特性实现阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控的新方案。在不同激励源下同步分析天线结构对辐射特性和同相反射特性影响规律，研究天线产生两种电磁特性的共性和区别，提出天线辐射特性和同相反射特性一体化新方法；根据阵列天线辐射场汇聚、散射场对消设计思路，探索辐射特性和同相反射特性有效复合的天线新结构，并从两种电磁特性相互促进角度提出天线结构设计新方案；以新设计天线为基元构建阵列天线，将其散射问题“辐射化”，建立综合考虑辐射和散射的多约束优化模型，提出采用共享孔径、数字编码和智能算法等技术优化阵面排布，实现阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控。预期研究成果将为隐身平台天线系统研发提供新的技术途径。

项目瞄准隐身飞行器平台对天线系统的新需求，聚焦阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控难题，将前沿研究的电磁超构表面与阵列天线相结合，提出了将超构表面设计思想融入天线设计以使天线同时具有辐射特性和同相反射特性的新思路，探索了综合利用天线两种电磁特性实现阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控的新方案。在不同激励源下同步分析天线结构对辐射特性和同相反射特性影响规律，研究了天线产生两种电磁特性的共性和区别，提出天线辐射特性和同相反射特性一体化新方法，验证了了天线作为电磁超构表面的可行性，根据阵列天线辐射场汇聚、散射场对消设计思路，探索辐射特性和同相反射特性有效复合的天线新结构，研究并设计了多种一体化的电磁超构表面天线单元结构，并以单元结构为基础设计了两种电磁超构表面阵列天线，均实现了辐射散射一体化调控。针对电磁超构表面阵列天线RCS减缩带宽受自身天线工作带宽限制，以及在超低频实现RCS减缩的难题，提出了一种超宽带可调的电控电磁超构表面，实现了反射特性在P和L波段动态可调，探索了电控电磁超构表面与天线结构复合的一体化设计新方法，提高了减缩天线RCS的灵活性。基于上述方法，设计了双极化电控电磁超构表面天线单元，研制了6×10多功能电控电磁超构表面共形阵列天线，该天线既实现了多极化辐射又实现了在P和L波段动态减缩RCS。本项目的研究有效解决了电磁超构表面与天线分开设计的弊端，为阵列天线辐射散射一体化调控提供了可行途径。