酸中和残渣-脱水铝污泥滤池中主要脱氮菌群的时空变化及其脱氮机理分析

Earlier studies showed that acid-neutralized residues (NUA) and dehydrated aluminium sludge (DAS) of solid industrial wastes can remove nitrogen in surface water and livestock farm sewage, respectively. The combined NUA and DAS can remove nitrogen to some extent to treat wastewater for a short period. However, the stability of nitrogen removal in the combined system has not been considered. Spatial and temporal distributions of denitrogen bacteria have not been clearly and systematically demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of denitrogen bacterial community on nitrogen removal has not been observed yet. To solve these problems, this project proposes to use the two aforementioned wastes as a compound-filtering material of a filter cell to treat simulated livestock farm wastewater and analyze the effect of seasonal temperature changes on the removal of nitrogen in wastewater by using a compound apparatus. This research also discusses the temporal and spatial distributions of the structure, compositions, diversities, and numbers of the main denitrogen bacterial communities [ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria (nirS, nirK, and nosZ), and anammox bacteria]. The characteristics of bacterial activities in medius at this system are also described. The influences of community index on bacterial activities are clarified, the relations of the aforementioned bacterial diversity index, numbers, and reaction rates with ammonia and total nitrogen removal efficiencies at sewage are established. The driving factors of synergystic nitrogen removal in this system are determined. This study provides a theoretical support to improve nitrogen removal efficiency by optimizing denitrogen bacterial populations with an NUA-DAS filter in livestock plant sewage treatment. An efficient nitrogen removal technique to treat sewage by using industrial wastes is also demonstrated.

前期研究表明工业固体废弃物酸中和残渣（NUA）和脱水铝污泥(DAS)分别对地表水和养殖厂污水中氮有去除作用，NUA-DAS复合系统对废水中氮短期内有一定去除率，但未考虑该系统脱氮稳定性，且脱氮菌时空分布不明，菌群作用机理模糊。针对以上问题，本项目拟从NUA-DAS协同对模拟畜禽养殖污水处理入手，了解季节温度变化下复合系统对污水中氮素去除的长期效果；重点研究主要脱氮菌群（氨氧化菌、亚硝酸氧化菌、反硝化菌（nirS、nirK、nosZ）和厌氧氨氧化菌）的数量、结构组成和多样性的时空分布规律，并剖析在不同时空介质中上述菌群的活性；最后阐明影响脱氮菌发挥作用的群落指标，建立NUA-DAS系统中相关脱氮微生物多样性指数、数量和反应速率与污水中氨氮和总氮去除之间的联系，明确协同脱氮的驱动因子。该项研究不仅为脱氮微生物种群优化提高除氮效果提供理论支撑，更重要的是提供了一种高效脱氮、以废治废污水处理技术。

工业固体废弃物酸中和残渣（NUA）和脱水铝污泥（DAS）分别对地表水和养殖厂污水中氮有去除作用，NUA-DAS 复合系统对废水中氮有一定去除率，但未考虑该系统脱氮稳定性，且脱氮菌时空分布不明，菌群作用机理模糊。针对以上问题，本项目采用NUA-DAS 协同对模拟畜禽养殖污水处理入手，了解两种运行方式下复合系统对污水中氮素去除的效果，优化得出最佳运行模式；运用分子生物学技术，掌握系统内主要脱氮菌群（氨氧化菌、亚硝酸氧化菌和反硝化菌（nirS、nirK、nosZ））的结构组成和多样性指数，剖析不同滤料中硝化菌群的活性；揭示了此系统内影响脱氮菌发挥作用的群落指标，阐明抑制脱氮效率的关键生物因子。研究成果不仅明确脱氮菌群与污水中氮去除之间的关系，更为重要的是提供了一种高效脱氮、以废治废的污水处理技术，对于氮素污染削减方面的研发和推广具有重要的意义。